Planet Russell

January 28, 2012

Charles StrossHello My Name Is The Problem of Memory

Hello there! My name is Cat Valente (Catherynne M. if you're nasty reading my business cards) and I'll be your blogger for the next month. I hope we'll have some good times together, some laughs, some tears, and at the end we can sit back and look on our montage reel with a soft focus lens and some mid-90s comfort rock.

For those of you (which I suspect is most of you) who don't know who I am, I present a few Facts before I get into the technofuture thoughttery.

I'm mostly a fantasy writer. But I've branched out into science fiction in the last couple of years. I dig folklore all the way and a lot of what I write deals with that, even the SF, because we don't just stop telling stories to explain ourselves to ourselves when we have shinier tech. A lot of what I write features what gets variously called "rich language" "lyrical prose" or "I couldn't follow it, can't she use fewer/easier words?"

I write a lot of books for adults and have a pretty successful middle grade series going. I've done some time editing but it didn't agree with me. I write fast--I teach seminars on how to write a book in 30 days. I've won some awards, lost several, and I've been at the gig since 2004, full-time since 2006. I blog myself over on Livejournal.

I live on an island off the coast of Maine, which is both more and less isolating than you'd think. I live in a village of a few hundred people, a lot of us grow, raise, and/or fish a fair portion of our own food, and connected through a listserv, we have a unique internal economy wherein we barter for goods and services. Once an object has been brought across the bay, it is such a pain in the ass to take it back that it tends to stay on the island for more or less centuries, traded from hand to hand, sometimes bought with money, but mostly not. This includes your physical body: we have three large graveyards on an island slightly less than two miles long. But we are part of the city of Portland, only two miles offshore, and have regular ferry service.

I have two dogs (Golden Retriever and German Shepherd), two cats (Maine Coon and Stray Extremely Ill-Tempered Tabby Who Came Home from the Park with My Husband Eleven Years Ago and Will Obviously Live Forever Fueled by Her Hatred of the Universe) and six laying hens (I present their names as they probably tell you more about me than this whole post: Pertelote, Billina, Black Chocobo, Dinosaur, Ziggy Stardust and Nanny Ogg). Little known fact: my Maine Coon has a full sister and half brother owned by awesome author Seanan McGuire.

If the Maine thing didn't make it clear, I'm American--I thought I'd throw that out up front since this is a European blog and I'm, well, not. I will necessarily have a slightly different political perspective. Many of you have governments that will take care of you when you're sick! Mine would rather let me rot, most especially since I am a self-employed writer. Good times. However, I actually lived in Edinburgh, a city relevant to this blog, and went to university there (since I know you're all internet research hounds, I'll explain: I went as an exchange student? But then it turned out no one in the history of the program had ever gone in my major--Classics--and few enough in their senior year, so they sat me down and were all: "Yeah, you're going to need to take and pass the full degree exams for both Greek and Latin or you can't graduate from your American university either." And kids, those are no joke. Especially when they only tell you that two weeks before the exam. So by god I feel it's legit to say I went to university at Edinburgh, though my diploma says University of California.) so we needn't discuss cookies vs biscuits or lift vs elevator or any of that. I also lived in Japan for a couple of years when I was first publishing.

Aside from writing I'm an Italian-American woman with no kids, so naturally I cook like a fiend. I'll definitely be sharing some recipes. I'm also an avid knitter, I make pickles (because I married a Russian man and homemade pickles are love-in-a-jar for him) and jams, I sail and blow glass and I am trying to learn the accordion but damn, it is not the easiest instrument I could have chosen to pick up. Other than sailing, which I was raised with as both my parents were sailors, I picked up most of these hobbies when, like Charlie, my hobby became my day job and I suddenly needed something else to do as a hobby.

Part of the reason Charlie asked me to come over here and natter for a month because I posted about his recent series of future/worldbuilding posts a few weeks ago. Basically, he kind of freaked me out. That Stross, he is a convincing guy when he talks about the future!

The kind of science fiction I write is not as concerned with the near future. I take a folkloric approach to SF--these are the stories we are telling ourselves right now about our own nature, this is how we explain the world to ourselves. I like to take those stories apart and put them back together in strange shapes. I think in every meaningful way we are living in "the future" of the 50s, of which flying cars were never the central feature. I am thirty-two years old--I remember life before the internet, but I was a child. My adult life has been characterized by radical technological and political change I, as a classicist who did not even have an email address until she was twenty, could not have begun to predict. (Ok, not true, classicists are really good at predicting politics. It's the tech that stumbles us. I could have predicted my 8 bit games turning into Skyrim, but not that a glorified classmates.com would take over the technological world.) Now that the internet has settled into being a massive an integral part of our lives on Planet Earth, we are starting to see how it changes our culture in the medium to long term, how profoundly it skews even comparatively young predictions of 15 years ago. The internet is not a Singularity with a capital S, but it is a sea change sharing more in common with the Industrial Revolution than simply a new device.

One of the problems that is leading to some of the more dire issues Charlie brings up is memory. Not personal memory (at least not per se) or senescence, but generational and cultural memory. No one is now living who can remember the Industrial Revolution, so the West draws very few lessons from that, so few that we just assume the world created by that Revolution is the one we'll be living in in perpetuity. We think technological advancement means new toys, not new worlds. I lived in Ohio for awhile, part of what is sort of affectionately called the Rust Belt in the United States. It used to be called the Steel Belt. It was where great swathes of American manufacturing, particularly automotive manufacturing, took place. Towns thrived on their auto plants, tire plants, steel mills, came into being purely to fill jobs at those facilities. With only a few exceptions, those plants have been shut for decades now. Some shut down in the 80s, some shut down in the 70s. Yet if you talk to older folk in those once-booming towns, most will tell you that one day the industry will come back. The politicians will make it happen, or somehow they will make their town attractive enough again that magically a steel mill will appear with a big red bow on it. Some of the younger generation knows it isn't so--but only some.

Because industrial boom is normal, right? The way of life that worked for exactly one generation--the Boomers--will work for everyone from now on. Any bust or crisis is a blip, a deviation which will, which must, correct itself. Because culturally we have about two generations worth of memory, maybe three, and then the black curtain comes down and we can't imagine that life in a 20th century first world nation is itself the aberration in human experience. What do you mean you can't afford a house by the time you're 30? What do you mean there are no good entry level positions? You're just not trying hard enough. The steel mills will come back, you'll see.

Will the internet go the way of the steel mill? I don't know, maybe. We still use steel, but the way we make it, buy it, and sell it has changed profoundly and cannot change back. (Nothing changes back, only forward. I suppose this is a relevant lesson for publishing, really. Radical change is the new black.) Certainly the current state of the internet, which is itself changed pretty radically from just five or six years ago, will change enormously, no matter how many articles I read on the permanence of Facebook. (See what I mean about memory? They said MySpace was permanent, too, and that was hardly a generation ago. I remember thinking Livejournal would go on forever.) Facebook changed the culture of online interaction and it can't change back, but it will certainly be replaced by something else--the question is only how it will be changed. By government intvervention, SOPA 2: Beyond Thunderdome, by independent companies innovating or by enormous corporations cannibalizing each other. Probably all of those. I can't imagine the internet going away entirely, I don't think you can put that massive networked genie back in the bottle--but I suppose that's the point. I live in a company town. It's inconceivable right now that the company won't always be around.

I think everyone is kind of freaked out right now. Which is why they set up tents on the street last year. Why some are still there. We're freaked because we don't know what's coming--but we're reasonably sure it's going to be shitty. Dystopia is the thing to write about these days. We have more faith in dystopia than utopia. SF used to be all about utopia, Starfleet and replicators and living forever. To be honest, Brave New World seems kind of cute to me these days. At least the oppressive government thought to hand out Soma so trod-upon people wouldn't be so goddamn miserable! Our governments just say: suck it up, epsilon assholes. Might as well be stamped on our coins.

It's tough to say everything's going to be ok. Living at the end of one way of life and the beginning of another sucks. Most people just want to be fat and happy and do some meaningful work, have kids, and die. Except for dying, the ability to do all of that is up in the air these days. And that's where we are. Industrial life is in its death throes and it isn't pretty or fair. Daddy Tolkien will tell us it was no treat living in the just-post Industrial Revolution, either. After all, we all know our history: what follows Revolutions? Usually, Terror.

That's why, I think, there's been a small but concerted effort to "bring back" optimistic SF in the last few years. We're looking for ways to know it'll all work out without mass extinction or widespread horror. The trouble is that massive technological change is not optimistic for some people, it's frightening. Terrifying. And not just mainstream "mundanes," or else what is the recent newfound love of the 19th century all about? What else has driven half my generation back to spinning wheels, knitting needles, preserving jars, and livestock? Everything is uncertain--let's go back and pretend it's still possible to live in the Shire. I'm guilty of it, too, obviously.

And I guess the whole point of writing future-oriented SF is to show one possible way it could all work out. Even if that involves dystopia. In some sense, big S Singularity is such an easy answer to that. An escape hatch--we'll all uplift, upload, and upend everything, and sort of skip the problems at the end of this chapter. SF writers don't get to call the shots, but we are meant to show the way.

Of course, once we get there, memory will fade and we'll forget it was any other way.

Rondam RamblingsWhat does it mean to "exploit the poor"?

[First in a (short) series co-authored with guest blogger Don Geddis]Don,Before our discussion outgrows the comment thread it started in I'd like to move it out here to the main page. Privately you expressed some reservations about participating in this exchange because you're not a macroeconomist. Well, neither am I, and IMHO neither are most macroeconomists. If you haven't already, you

Planet LCAWalktime Blog #19: No dominant Open Source home automation projects?

If you're just getting into home automation and go searching for Open Source HA projects, you'll discover there aren't any obviously dominant players - more a mix of partly-developed personal projects that aren't very portable. Why is that?

View or comment directly on YouTube: www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ywulcl_PCUM

Links for this ep:
 * Allison Randal: www.twitter.com/allisonrandal
 * Desktop Home Hacks: www.youtube.com/watch?v=a8asl5SsGy4
 * Mister House: misterhouse.sourceforge.net
 * Open Remote: www.openremote.org
 * SuperHouseTV: www.superhouse.tv

Charles StrossDeath: A Pantomime

As I was watching the finale of Sherlock last night, a fun little thought experiment popped into my head and I thought you folks would be the perfect lab to try it out in. I hemmed and hawed for a little while over whether this was too hard or too easy--which is probably a good sign. So. On to one of the more overused tropes in any genre!

How would you go about faking your own death?

Like any good story, there have to be some restrictions, of course.

1. You must appear to die in front of witnesses. No simply sending a mass email from a fake account. The method of death, however, is up to you. You must appear credibly dead for at least a brief period of time.

2. You cannot use anything or anyone you do not actually have access to in your real life. If you don't know someone who is amazing at Hollywood-level makeup and could keep your secret, or aren't besties with a coroner, you can't manifest them out of thin air for this scenario. (If you do, however, knock yourself out.)

Oddly enough, this has come up in my family. The minute I mentioned that I was thinking of asking Charlie's commenters to fake their own deaths, my husband said: Oh, we kind of had to do that back in Russia! He may actually be the child of some kind of Soviet superhero breeding program, given how often he busts out these kinds of stories.

Turns out, in order to immigrate to the United States, Dmitri's father, despite being in his 40s, had to secure either his father's permission or his father's death certificate. They did not have either. Why? Because apparently, "his father's disappearance was a mystery." I'm quoting directly so you will know how very like the beginning of a Holmes story this sounded.

Thus, the family had to bureaucratically fake a death which none of them could be sure had actually occurred and produce a death certificate out of nothing.

Obviously, I'm asking you for a slightly tougher task, with a pesky body to swap or mangle or vanish. But do consider to whom you will be faking your death: who in your life would have to believe you are beyond this mortal coil in order for you to be effectively deceased? Who would keep your secret? This is where the too hard/too easy thing comes in. People are really more likely to believe anything they're told or see that's remotely plausible, I think, than kids in murder mystery shows. But at the same time, if a death is too flashy, in the real world there's usually an investigation, which would sink you unless you were very good.

But I have faith in you! The game is afoot!

Edit: Please be as elaborate as possible--that's part of the fun. Also, no more boating scenarios, we're full up. And as the conversation has evolved, feel free consider how one lives in the world post-death.

Planet DebianDon Armstrong: Using wicd on UCR's WPA network

UC Riverside's wireless network uses WPA-EAP for the encrypted network. [The unencrypted network does a https based browser capture.] Unfortunately, none of the default wicd encryption templates support the precise brand of WPA that the network does, so you have to make your own template. Luckily, wicd makes this fairly simple:

Create a new template, say, /etc/wicd/encryption/templates/eap-only, with appropriate contents.

 name = EAP
 author = Don Armstrong
 version = 1
 require identity *Identity passwd *Password 

 -----
 ctrl_interface=/var/run/wpa_supplicant
 network={
    ssid="$_ESSID"
    key_mgmt=WPA-EAP
    identity="$_IDENTITY"
    password="$_PASSWD"
 }

Then tell wicd about this new template by editing /etc/wicd/encryption/templates/active and adding eap-only to the existing list of templates, and restart wicd /etc/init.d/wicd restart. [I'm not sure if restarting wicd is necessary, but it shouldn't hurt.]

Finally, configure the network using the appropriate wicd interface as usual.

The Reid ReportNewt on the couch

20120127-192642.jpg

Those looking to understand Newton Leroy Gingrich would do well to re-read this in-depth biographical article by Gail Sheehy, written for Vanity Fair in 1995, when Newt was speaker of the House and still married to his second wife Marianne, and former aides and colleagues feared he might one day run for president.

A clip:

“Newt Gingrich is playing out a personal agenda in a public forum, and it threatens the safety, health, and security of our most vulnerable people,” says Mary Kahn. “And that’s what frightens me about him. Someday he might be president.” Kahn, a reporter who covered Newt in the mid-70s, also spent time with him socially until the early 80s as the wife of Chip Kahn, Gingrich’s former campaign manager.

The personal agenda of which Mary Kahn speaks is deeper that any philosophical or material odyssey. As the Speaker himself said, “I found a way to immerse my insecurities in a cause large enough to justify whatever I wanted it to.” Inspired by the books and movies that have been his guides, Newt Gingrich has created a revolution, a mighty quest, and cast himself as hero, the John Wayne who rescues the nation from economic self-destruction and moral chaos. His childhood –shaped by the rejection by not just one but two fathers, and the manic-depressive illness of his mother– created a psychic need so great that only the praise that attends a savior can fill the vacuum inside him. He drives himself monomaniacally, obsessed only with his goal. No amount of personal deprivation –100-hour workweeks, no vacations, no time with his wife– diminishes his narcissistic vision of the global glory that will ultimately be his prize.

“It’s not altruism! It’s not altruism!” he proclaimed to The Washington Post in 1985. “I have an enormous personal ambition. I want to shift the entire planet. And I’m doing it…Oh, this is just the beginning of a 20-or-30-year movement. I’ll get credit for it…As a historian, I understand how histories are written. My enemies will write histories that dismiss me and prove I was unimportant. My friends will write histories that glorify me and prove I was more important than I was. And two generations or three from now, some serious, sober historian will write a history that sort of implies I was whoever I was.”

Until he reaches his “impossibly high ideal,” Newt will remain the unacknowledged child. Many observers see the child at the center of Newt. “Newtie is still a kid,” admits Kit. Marcella McPherson agrees: “Newtie wants things Newtie’s way…If he wants something, he wants it now. Newtie was always for Newtie.”

Sheehy spoke to those who knew Newt best: his parents and siblings, who told a tale of broken homes and marriages and stiff, unpleasant relationships with his father, who abandoned him, and his stepfather, who gave him his last name. Newt is described as a man of shifting ideologies, who would just as soon be a liberal as a conservative if he thought that was the way to gain the power and attention his bottomless ego craves. And she uncovered what is at the core of the man who styles himself Americas’s Churchill: in a word, narcissism. And not much more.

20120127-192858.jpg
Newt with his first wife Jackie and their children. He would divorce his former math teacher while she was recovering from cancer surgery, according to Newt’s mother, at leas in past because she was fat.

Another clip:

Unlike Bill Clinton, Newt Gingrich cannot easily transmit empathy to the camera or a gathered audience. Like Nixon, he does not easily communicate sympathy, trustworthiness, or compassion. His eyes do not meet the camera. He meets the world with the gaze of an outsider whose attention is inwardly engaged. People willingly give to Newt for quite an extended period of time because they are electrified by his tenacity and vision. But as time passes and they expect their relationship with the man to deepen, it doesn’t. And when he is finished using them, he moves on, discarding former loyalists like so much used ammo. Gingrich routinely dismisses any negative public statements as the work of disgruntled former employees, but the depth of feeling among his former allies is remarkable. “There are no former disgruntled employees,” says Dot Crews. “We’re all just sorry that we ever went to work for him in the first place and that we didn’t get out sooner.”

The piece is sprinkled with familiar names from John Kasich (now the unpopular governor of Ohio) to Rubert Murdoch to these:

But in Washington there are many demands on the Speaker’s time. Since Newt became a national celebrity, he has no shortage of female admirers –from Callista Bisek, a former aide in Congressman Steve Gunderson’s office who has been a favorite breakfast companion, to the ubiquitous Arianna Stassinopoulos Huffington, who has become a self-appointed guardian to the newly desirable Newt.

Marianne Gingrich, however, doesn’t see her husband very often.

… And we all know what happened with Marianne and Callista, who was carrying on an affair with Newt at the time of the Sheehy article and who became the third Mrs. Gingrich five years later.

Newt in the VF piece is described as everything from the conservative Che Guevara to the prototypical Angry White Man, whose act – to include sending out tapes of his missives to conservative activists – predates Rush Limbaugh. It’s long, but worth your while.

Read the whole thing here.


January 27, 2012

Charles StrossWorld building 404: The unknown unknowns

In earlier think-pieces I discussed a very normative, predictable, conservative (in the sense of unadventurous) version of the likely shape of the next century.

Of course, it's not going to be like that.

I have, in general, very little time for Donald Rumsfeld; but he's very occasionally right about something, and in February 2002, in the run-up to the invasion of Iraq, he made a rather remarkable speech for a contemporary politician; one in which he attempted to distinguish between categories of uncertainty:

[T]here are known knowns; there are things we know we know. We also know there are known unknowns; that is to say we know there are some things we do not know. But there are also unknown unknowns — there are things we do not know we don't know.
Contorted though his language might be, that's a pretty good guide to the future.

Here's my recipe for building a near-future world (in the context of writing an SF novel).

Start with a horizon 10 years out:

85% known knowns

10% known unknowns

5% unknown unknowns

For every additional decade, knock 7% off the "known knowns" column and add 5% to "known unknowns" and 2% to "unknown unknowns". Very approximately. Warning: warranty expires when "known knowns" drops below 67%, i.e. around 2052 if we do this exercise right now (in 2012).

The devil, of course, is in the details.

Let's take a simple example: cellphones. We know what the state of the art is right now. We also know roughly what ARM and Intel are planning for the next 2-3 years. We know that mature segments of the consumer electronics market tend to split between a major incumbent with 80%, a minor incumbent with 10-15%, and a bunch of also-rans. (This happens in other market sectors. For many years the automobile sector in the USA split roughly 80:15 between regular cars and pick-up trucks. It's now been disrupted with the arrival of SUVs, blurring the car/pick-up boundary, but we're in a time of change anyway as electronics also impact automobiles.) We can expect smartphones to therefore settle into an 80/15/5 split over the next decade, with a major incumbent (say, Android—on present form), a minor "different" incumbent (iOS—although the place I've assigned to Android may end up with Apple, and vice versa), and also-rans. Which incumbent ends up where is therefore a known unknown.

The "unknown unknown" for phones over the next decade is that a Carrington event wipes out all our high-tech infrastructure and we starve, or maybe a sudden breakthrough gives us pseudo-instantaneous quantum entanglement instead of radio, or Windows 9 Mobile takes the world by rapturous storm and the Apple Taliban ditch their iphones and switch to Windows with shrieks of glee.

(I ought to add a fourth category of unknown called the "implausible unknown" — developments not compatible with the laws of nature as currently understood, or overturning major scientific paradigms. Tachyons, alien invaders, or telepathy all fall into this basket, and if you dumpster-dive it for ideas in fiction you are, at best, writing science fantasy.)

Again, two other "unknown unknowns" bit SF authors in previous decades. Prior to 1980 the portrayal of personal computing devices in SF was noticeable by its absence. There were a couple of books and stories that had them, but by and large they were invisible. On the other hand, prior to 1990 virtually all SF set in the near to distant future presupposed that manned space travel was going to be relatively easy and commonplace: a picture that doesn't look anything like as inevitable today.

Two important aspects of the unknown/known unknowns approach are that the further into the future we peer, the more the unknown unknowns stack up; and also, as new evidence comes to light, stuff may need to be shuffled between columns.

The first point should be obvious. To anyone writing an SF novel prior to 1987, it seemed perfectly obvious that the USSR was stable in the medium to long term. Boy did we get sandbagged by that one! And now, with 20/20 hindsight, the signs are obvious that dictatorial systems in general are unstable once the dictators are not hereditary monarchs with an incentive to pass a working system on to their children and a broad base of popular support. During the 1990s and early 00s, with very little fuss outside the continent in question, South America transformed from a continent dominated by quasi-fascist dictatorships to an almost complete sweep of democracies. In 2011, the Arab world erupted in democracy demonstrations and revolutions. The short-term process of the Arab Spring is still playing out: but one long-term consequence is clear—any diplomat who bases their foreign policy assumption on the "known known" that "the Arab street doesn't care about democracy" is sticking their head in the sand.

So in consequence of the collapse of the Warsaw Pact and the USSR, the South American transition, and the Arab Spring, I think it's reasonable to move "democratic revolutions in dictatorships" from the unknown-unknown column (where it resided in 1984) to the known-unknown column (we know it's going to happen; the only questions are where and when).

Another principle of near-future world-building is that human civilizations are fractal. That is: all human cultures have in common the fact that they are organizations of humans. In the absence of a major change in the nature of humanity (which falls under the heading of "unknown unknowns"— we can't rule out strongly superhuman AI or intelligence augmentation, but we don't know when it's going to happen or even if it is going to happen) we have the same Lego bricks to build civilizations with, so certain design patterns keep recurring. Moreover, the bricks decay (they die of old age; and their bureaucratic institutions—an attempt to build patterns that outlive the decay of individual bricks—succumb to capture by special interests or outlive their societal context). Knowledge is lost, and in the absence of knowledge gained by personal experience, the same damn mistakes keep being repeated over a time scale approximating a human lifespan.

We live longer these days, but I would feel fairly confident, in an SF novel that posits no breakthroughs in intelligence amplification or longevity, and no huge rupture in the way we allocate resources, of predicting some sort of major economic collapse/disruption circa 2090-2110. Because those of us who lived through and understood the ongoing crisis since 2008 will be dead of old age by then, and bright young things who've never even heard of the Great Depression, much less the Long Depression of 1873-96, will assume nothing like the horror of 2007-2015 can happen to them. Recurrent depressions are a known-unknown corollary of industrial capitalism. An unknown-unknown would be a singularity event in which vastly intelligent, benevolent entities give us everything we want for the asking, or in which we live 200-600 years (so those of us who remember the last depression are in a position to prevent the next one), or someone comes up with a virus that modifies the way we think, making New Soviet Man a reality. Or something else that breaks the self-similar patterning of industrial capitalism so that the Penrose tiles human societies are built from are replaced by new patterns.

So, to summarize: we have a complex mess of human societies that are, nevertheless, full of recurring non-identical variations on a core theme, because the common object the societies are all built out of are human beings. Barring changes in the nature of human beings, we can therefore expect chunks of history to be built out of the same components. We also have a future where, the further out we probe, the more unknown unknowns we run into; but in the short term, the main factors that shape what the world looks like are familiar. We can expect the world of 2022 to look similar to the world of 2012, insofar as many of the same cars will still be on the roads, fashion continues to iterate around a bunch of attractor themes scattered over the past century, many of today's large corporations will still exist (although some will have collapsed), and so on. There will be some surprises (maybe there'll be a hotel in space, or a Chinese Moon base) but overall it will be recognizable. But by the time we push the boat out to 2032, the unknown-unknowns will be building up. Signs of climate stress and overpopulation will be more visible, we may have driverless cars, there may be major disruptive effects arising from the development of direct brain interfaces or something else that today is a research and development curiosity. And by 2052, the unknown unknowns will have driven the world to be a very different place from anything I can predict today.

Planet DebianPetter Reinholdtsen: Handling non-free firmware in Debian Edu/Squeeze

With some computer hardware, one need non-free firmware blobs. This is the sad fact of todays computers. In the next version of Debian Edu / Skolelinux based on Squeeze, we provide several scripts and modifications to make firmware blobs easier to handle. The common use case I run into is a laptop with a wireless network card requiring non-free firmware to work, but there are other use cases as well.

First and foremost, Debian Edu provide ISO images for DVD and CD with all firmware packages in the Debian sections main and non-free included, to ensure debian-installer find and can install all of them during installation. This take care firmware for network devices used by the installer when installing from from local media. But for example multimedia devices are not activated in the installer and are not taken care of by this.

For non-network devices, we provide the script /usr/share/debian-edu-config/tools/auto-addfirmware which search through the dmesg output for drivers requesting extra firmware. The firmware file name is looked up in the Contents-ARCH.gz file available in the package repository, and the packages providing the requested firmware file(s) is installed. I have proposed to do something similar in debian-installer (BTS report #655507), to allow PXE installs of Debian to handle firmware installation better. Run the script as root from the command line to fetch and install the needed firmware packages.

Debian Edu provide PXE installation of Debian out of the box, and because some machines need firmware to get their network cards working, the installation initrd some times need extra firmware included to be able to install at all. To fill the PXE installation initrd with extra firmware, the /usr/share/debian-edu-config/tools/pxe-addfirmware script is provided. Again, just run it as root on the command line to fill the PXE initrd with firmware packages.

Last, some LTSP clients might also need firmware to get their network cards working. For this, /usr/share/debian-edu-config/tools/ltsp-addfirmware is provided to update the LTSP initrd with firmware blobs. It is used the same way as the other firmware related tools.

At the moment, we do not run any of these during installation. We do not know if this is acceptable for the local administrator to use non-free software, and it is their choice.

We plan to release beta3 this weekend. You might want to give it a try.

Global GuerillasThe Future of Warfare

Up Front:  

  • I'm currently proof reading, and enjoying immensely, the new book "Kill Decision" by my good friend Dan Suarez.  It's about autonomous drones.  That's legendary timing for a new book (on top of that, his approach to the genre blows away Clancy at his best).  So, as you can see, I'm particularly jazzed about this topic right now.
  • I've done some consulting with Northrop Grumman on the future of drones.  
  • Finally, if you want to get ahead of the curve on this, read some of my older posts on drones and supermpowerment over the last four years.  

Onto the post:::

Here's the future.  Courtesy of Northrop Grumman.

Navy Drone

It's an autonomous aircraft/drone that has a full weapons bay (4,500 lbs).   Say that word again:  autonomous.   That's the breakthrough feature.  This also means:

It can make its own "kill decision."  Again and again and again.  That decision is going to get better and better and cheaper and cheaper (Moore's law has made insect level intelligence available for pennies, rat intelligence is next).

It isn't vulnerabe to a pilot in Nevada directing it to land in Iran. Oops.

It will eventually (sooner than you think) be the "Queen," making decisions for thousands of smaller swarmed (semi-autonomous) drones it lays on a battle zone (aka "city").   

In sum:  It allows an unprecedented automation of conventional violence.   

Granted, it will be possible for small groups to put together systems like this on the cheap.  For offensive or defense reasons.

However, I'm much more worried about their ability to automate repression, particularly if combined with software bots that sift/sort/monitor all of your data 24x7x365 (already going on).  

Sociological ImagesRacial Stereotyping and Perceptions of Competence

In “Portraying Tiger Woods: Characterizations of a ‘Black’ Athlete in a ‘White’ Sport,” Andrew Billings discusses how race plays a role in sports commentators’ evaluations of golfers, and particularly in how they describe and comment upon Tiger Woods. A content analysis of 37.5 hours of coverage of golf tournaments between April and August of 2001 by CBS, NBC, and ABC, during which 2,989 evaluative comments occurred, revealed patterns in how sportscasters described Tiger Woods compared to other golfers. When he was losing, Woods was more likely than other golfers in the same position to be described as lacking composure or concentration, of “self-destructing,” and of lacking control over his emotions. Overall, Billings found that the types of language other students have found to be applied to Black athletes were applied to Woods only when he was losing. When he was doing well, commentators did not significantly stereotype Woods.

The study is interesting in light of a video sent in by Jason Eastman. This Wall Street Journal segment discusses the results of a study that investigated how media depictions of college quarterbacks’ performances. A recent study published in the Academic of Management Journal found that media coverage rarely gave African American quarterbacks credit for leadership. When their teams do well, it is because of their natural athletic talent; when they do poorly, it is lack of leadership — blame not equally placed on White quarterbacks when their teams do poorly. So Blacks are blamed more for losses but get less credit for successes — an outcome of stereotyping that has disturbing implications for hiring and promotion in the workplace (sorry for the ad):

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Full cites:

Andrew Billings. 2003. “Portraying Tiger Woods: Characterizations of a ‘Black’ Athlete in a ‘White’ Sport.” The Howard Journal of Communications 14: 29-37.

Andrew Carton and Ashleigh Shelby Rosette. 2011. “Explaining Bias against Black Leaders: Integrating Theory on Information Processing and Goal-Based Stereotyping.” Academy of Management Journal 54: 1141-1158.

(View original at http://thesocietypages.org/socimages)

Krebs on SecurityWarnings About Windows Exploit, pcAnywhere

Security experts have spotted drive-by malware attacks exploiting a critical security hole in Windows that Microsoft recently addressed with a software patch. Separately, Symantec is warning users of its pcAnywhere remote administration tool to either update or remove the program, citing a recent data breach at the security firm that the company said could help attackers find holes in the aging software title.

On Thursday, Trend Micro said it had encountered malware that leverages a vulnerability in the way Windows handles certain media files. This is a browse-and-get-owned flaw for Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows Server 2003 and 2008 users, meaning these folks can infect their machines merely by browsing to a hacked or malicious site hosting a specially crafted media file. If you run Windows and have delayed installing this month’s updates, consider taking care of that now by visiting Windows Update.

Trend Micro competitor Symantec also issued a warning this week — about threats to its own software. Responding to a now widely-publicized break-in that resulted in the theft of its proprietary source code in 2006, Symantec issued a 10-page white paper with recommendations for customers still using this software. The company says fewer than 50,000 people are still using pcAnywhere, but those who are should consider applying newly-released updates, or removing the program altogether.

From that whitepaper (PDF):

With this incident pcAnywhere customers have increased risk. Malicious users with access to the source code have an increased ability to identify vulnerabilities and build new exploits. Additionally, customers that are not following general security best practices are susceptible to man-in-the-middle attacks which can reveal authentication and session information. General security best practices include endpoint, network, remote access, and physical security, as well as configuring pcAnywhere in a way that minimizes potential risks.

At this time, Symantec recommends disabling the product until Symantec releases a final set of software updates that resolve currently known vulnerability risks. For customers that require pcAnywhere for business critical purposes, it is recommended that customers understand the current risks, ensure pcAnywhere 12.5 is installed, apply all relevant patches as they are released, and follow the general security best practices discussed herein.

On Thursday, Symantec released updates to address at least three security vulnerabilities in pcAnywhere 12.5 for Windows. The company said it plans to issue additional updates for pcAnywhere 12.0, pcAnywhere 12.1 and pcAnywhere 12.5, although it didn’t say precisely when those updates would be available.

It’s generally a bad idea to leave remote administration tools like pcAnywhere always on and always accessible via the Internet. If you must use them, I’d strongly recommend limiting allowable connections to specific computer names or Internet addresses, limiting the number of consecutive logon attempts, and — if feasible– incorporating some type of token based solution.

Sociological ImagesTwo More Inspiring Gender-Neutral LEGO Ads

After the recent scandal over LEGO Friends, I am excited to report that I am in the process of working with a LEGO “fanatic,” David Pickett, on a series of posts about gender and the history of LEGO.  In the meantime, as a teaser, I wanted to offer you two LEGO ads that were from the same campaign as the one making its semi-viral way around the internet (1980-1982).  As with the original, these are evidence that advertising doesn’t have to reproduce the idea of “opposite sexes”:

Thanks to Moose Greebles and his Photostream.

(View original at http://thesocietypages.org/socimages)

LongNowEdge Question 02012

At the beginning of each year, John Brockman’s Edge poses a question to a long list (192 this year!) of thinkers and authors. The ensuing onslaught of insight is then published for us all to enjoy. This year he asks:

What is your favorite deep, elegant, or beautiful explanation?

Scientists’ greatest pleasure comes from theories that derive the solution to some deep puzzle from a small set of simple principles in a surprising way. These explanations are called “beautiful” or “elegant”. Historical examples are Kepler’s explanation of complex planetary motions as simple ellipses, Bohr’s explanation of the periodic table of the elements in terms of electron shells, and Watson and Crick’s double helix. Einstein famously said that he did not need experimental confirmation of his general theory of relativity because it “was so beautiful it had to be true.”

The full list is bound to include a few folks you’d like to hear from. Below is the subset of respondents that have crossed through the Long Now orbit:

Board Members:

SALT Speakers:

Sociological ImagesThe Declining Significance of “Class”

Cross-posted at Montclair SocioBlog.

What we don’t talk about when we don’t talk about class.  That was the title I wanted to use, but it was too long, and besides, there are already too many of these Raymond Carver variants.

Class seems to have disappeared from public discourse, except for the Republicans’ insistence that to mention inequality at all is to engage in “class warfare.” The only class we hear about, whether from politicians or the media, is the middle class.  Here, for example, are the results of  a Lexis-Nexis search of news transcripts in the previous month.

On TV news, the upper and lower class do not exist.

So how do we talk about those at the top and bottom of society?  The discussion of inequality is now all about income.   While “lower class” and “upper class” had only three and four mentions, respectively, in this same period, income terms (high, upper, low, lower) numbered over 300.

For some historical perspective, I looked at Google Ngrams for the frequency of class terms in books.

The pattern for upper class is similar — a large decline in class talk, a much smaller decrease in income talk — though class references still outnumber income references.

From the media, you get the impression that except for a handful of people at the top and the bottom, there really is only one class in America — the middle class — and that the working class has faded into history.  Yet the GSS subjective social class item (“Which class would you say you belong in?”) gets the same results as it did in 1972: a roughly equal split between “middle” and “working” that accounts for 9 out of 10 Americans.

(View original at http://thesocietypages.org/socimages)

Don MartiSCALE Poker Quiz

SCALE this year had a quiz game for attendees, and here are my notes on how to play and some things we could do better next time. Lori Barfield, who was in charge of SCALE Game Night, brought it all together on a very tight schedule.

The object of the game for the players is to put together the best possible 5-card poker hand. Each card has an answer printed on it, and in order for that card to count as part of the player's hand, the player has to find the matching question. Card photo at Lisa's iXsystems marketing blog.

All of the questions are about information revealed at booths, talks, and other show events. It's important to get questions that are hard to look up online. The object of the game for the organizers is to get attendees to talk with each other, because they pretty much have to trade cards and information to win.

We gave out seven cards per player.

With a little more time we'll be able to make the game easier to run at the show. Things to improve next time:

  • Handouts for people who supplied questions, to give out at exhibitor or speaker registration at the show.

  • Entry forms for players turning in hands, to avoid having to write questions on the cards

  • Numbered questions on the question sheet, to make it easier to check completed hands.

  • Ask for questions earlier, to have extras to work with.

  • Give out two cards at registration, then have opportunities to get more cards later?

Some people thought the questions were too hard, but groups of attendees working together were able to figure everything out.

CryptogramPassword Sharing Among American Teenagers

Interesting article from the New York Times on password sharing as a show of affection.

"It's a sign of trust," Tiffany Carandang, a high school senior in San Francisco, said of the decision she and her boyfriend made several months ago to share passwords for e-mail and Facebook. "I have nothing to hide from him, and he has nothing to hide from me."

"That is so cute," said Cherry Ng, 16, listening in to her friend's comments to a reporter outside school. "They really trust each other."

We do, said Ms. Carandang, 17. "I know he'd never do anything to hurt my reputation," she added.

It doesn't always end so well, of course. Changing a password is simple, but students, counselors and parents say that damage is often done before a password is changed, or that the sharing of online lives can be the reason a relationship falters.

Ethnologist danah boyd discusses what's happening:

For Meixing, sharing her password with her boyfriend is a way of being connected. But it's precisely these kinds of narratives that have prompted all sorts of horror by adults over the last week since that NYTimes article came out. I can't count the number of people who have gasped "How could they!?!" at me. For this reason, I feel the need to pick up on an issue that the NYTimes let out.

The idea of teens sharing passwords didn't come out of thin air. In fact, it was normalized by adults. And not just any adult. This practice is the product of parental online safety norms. In most households, it's quite common for young children to give their parents their passwords. With elementary and middle school youth, this is often a practical matter: children lose their passwords pretty quickly. Furthermore, most parents reasonably believe that young children should be supervised online. As tweens turn into teens, the narrative shifts. Some parents continue to require passwords be forked over, using explanations like "because I'm your mother." But many parents use the language of "trust" to explain why teens should share their passwords with them.

Much more in her post.

Related: a profile of danah boyd.

Planet Linux AustraliaDavid Rowe: linux.conf.au (LCA) 2012

Well, it’s that time of year again – my annual geek-week at linux.conf.au. Every day there were many interesting talks to attend and many I had to miss. I am currently catching the ones I missed by watching the LCA 2012 videos.

Keynotes and Open Source DSP

The Bruce Perens keynote had many good points on why open source is becoming essential to our security and well-being in the 21st century. These themes were expanded by the other keynote speakers. Bruce stated that “open software is the only credible producer of software”, we can choose to be “slaves to tools or the people who control the tools”. Watch the talk for more information on these memes.

I am interested in “the art” of presentation (as distinct from the content) so was also interested in Bruce’s presentation style from that perspective. He appeared on stage in a suit, which is uncommon in a geeky crowd. It raised a few eyebrows. However Bruce then explained that “a suit at LCA” was a theatrical device to underscore the point that we, as an open source community, should be facing outward. Open source communities are good at talking to people within our community, but our image outside of that community is poor and misunderstood (e.g. not many people understand their email is relayed via open source, or how it helps security problems and can help preserve democracy). Our external image must be improved.

Another great point by Bruce was how Open Source is now solving tough, previously opaque problems that were traditionally considered too hard due to patents or specialised knowledge. All you need is one guy to really get into and understand the problem. Suddenly the voodoo evaporates. People then know it’s possible – a problem that our peers have solved always appears easier. This one guy publishes source and shares what he has learnt. Others start to hack the code. Bruce, much to my embarrassment (!), actually cited my DSP work as an example, for example Oslec for echo cancellation and projects like Codec 2. When Oslec started I had many people tell me “it can’t be done”, “you need a DSP chip to do it in hardware”, or “it’s all covered by patents”. The truth is that Open Source DSP algorithms are now out performing closed source competitors. For example the Opus guys have developed a world-beating open source audio and voice codec. More on that below.

Actually I really enjoyed all of the keynotes. Paul Fenwick spoke on how our mind works, including topics like “decoy choices” and the “planning fallacy”, and how playing Tetris can help with traumatic experiences. I also recommend you watch the keynotes by Jacob Applebaum and Karen Sandler.

It was great to see Jean-Marc Valin and Timothy B. Terriberry in person, presenting on the Opus Codec. I wonder if this will be the “last” audio codec. It’s open source, royalty and patent free, will be an IETF standard, codes speech and music signals from 6,000 bit/s up, and outperforms other codecs like MP3.

Codec 2 talk

As I mentioned above I am interested in how conference presentations work. Like a lot of my work, I am inclined to experiment. Try something different. Hack it. A presentation on Codec 2, like many presentations at LCA, has a strong technical component that is hard for the average LCA attendee to follow. My Codec 2 work is an extension of my PhD research in speech coding. It took me 3 years to get my head around speech coding for the PhD. So how do I communicate Codec 2 topics to a smart, but non-speech-coding aware audience?

One way to handle this is “tutorial” style. You spend about half the talk bringing people up to speed on your technical topic. Enough to explain in the second half how you applied Linux or open source to this field. This is a common approach at LCA. It can work well, but also means a lot to absorb for the audience. This can be a challenge after a day (let alone a week) of great ideas and intellectual stimulation at a conference like LCA.

Instead of the tutorial approach I hit on a different idea. Rather than confine my talk to Codec 2 and DSP theory, I tried approaching Speech Coding from a variety of tangential topics that matter to LCA attendees. I talked about codec patents, how Ham radio relates to Open Source, and finally a really easy to grasp graphical explanation of how the sinusoidal model used in Codec 2 works. I left out a bunch of DSP topics, and didn’t even put up a block diagram of the codec. I wanted the audience to walk away knowing 3 or 4 things about speech coding really well, rather than try to cover the entire, technically deep, acronym rich subject at a shallow level.

This worked well. Really well in fact – my Codec 2 talk was voted the best of the conference and I was asked to repeat it later in the week. Wow! This was especially amazing for me as the voting is done by the attendees. A nice way to start 2012 for me, after working through some tough personal issues in 2011. Here are the slides for my Codec 2 LCA 2012 talk in Open Office format.

How Good Was Your Conference Talk?

It is important to me that my talks are well received. For me it’s part of my job and I take it seriously. Here is what I look for. This applies mainly to conferences with multiple parallel threads where people have a choice in what they attend:

  • Did I fill the room (or nearly so)?
  • Were people still asking questions at the end of your allocated time? Extra points if people come up to you afterwards and ask more questions. Even better if you get hustled off by the conference organisers because the next speaker is overdue to start.
  • Did some of the more popular speakers/major contributors to the conference attend the talk?
  • Was the applause loud and enthusiastic?

Oh, and I also like to make my talks short and leave more time than usual for questions. For example in a 50 minute slot I will time my talk to be 30 minutes rather than the nominal 40, allowing 20 minutes for questions. I feel strongly that the audience should drive a good chunk of the talk through their questions. This feels much better to me than running over time and not allowing enough time for questions.

21 Second Lightning Talk

Lightning talks are a fun part of LCA. These usually last 5 minutes. I had an idea for a lightning talk on my Electric Car that I wanted to try. I figured I could get my talk done in 10-15 seconds. Yes, I was experimenting with presentation styles again. I wanted to use lots of slides connected with just a few words (normally we are encouraged to do it the other way around). This year I managed to get a lightning talk slot and presented the talk. You can see it on the lightning talk video starting at 50:20. From when I start to when I stop talking is 21 seconds, not quite the sub-15 seconds I was aiming at. I always was a bit talkative. However the applause was pretty loud so I think the idea worked!

Codec 2 Hacking

While at LCA Jean-Marc did some great LSP vector quantiser work for Codec 2 and explained some of the techniques involved. This was very useful, and will be part of Codec 2 soon. Thanks Jean-Marc!

At the end of the conference Bruce Perens (left), Timothy and Jean-Marc (right), came to stay for a few days at Nuria’s (centre) house. It was really nice to have them all, we did some good work on Codec 2, and the dinner-time conversation (fuelled by Nuria’s fine lasagne and BBQ) was fascinating. As Bruce pointed out, there is great value in the small number of open source speech coding guys meeting face to face.

I was a bit nervous travelling in the same car with Jean-Marc and Timothy. People working on open source voice codecs are rare – so we figured we had 60% of the world’s open source codec guys in one car!

Planet DebianAlexander Reichle-Schmehl: Release Critical Bug report for Week 04

The bug webinterface of the Ultimate Debian Database currently knows about the following release critical bugs:

In Total:1491
Affecting Wheezy:893
Wheezy only:179
Remaining to be fixed in Wheezy:714

Of these 714 bugs, the following tags are set:

Pending in Wheezy:48
Patched in Wheezy:102
Duplicates in Wheezy:45
Can be fixed in a security Update:19
Contrib or non-free in Wheezy:14
Claimed in Wheezy:0
Delayed in Wheezy:5
Otherwise fixed in Wheezy:48

Ignoring all the above (multiple tags possible) 491 bugs need to be fixed by Debian Contributors to get Debian 7.0 Wheezy released.

However, with the view of the Release Managers, 788 need to be dealt with for the release to happen.

Please see Interpreting the release critical bug statistics for an explanation of the different numbers.

Planet Linux AustraliaIan Wienand: pylint and hiding of attributes

I recently came across the pylint error:

E:  3,4:Foo.foo: An attribute affected in foo line 12 hide this method

in code that boiled down to essentially:

class Foo:

    def foo(self):
        return True

    def foo_override(self):
        return False

    def __init__(self, override=False):
        if override:
            self.foo = self.foo_override

Unfortunately that message isn't particularly helpful in figuring out what's going on. I still can't claim to be 100% sure what the message is intended to convey, but I can construct something that maybe it's talking about.

Consider the following using the above class

foo = Foo()
moo = Foo(override=True)

print "expect True  : %s" % foo.foo()
print "expect False : %s" % moo.foo()
print "expect True  : %s" % Foo.foo(foo)
print "expect False : %s" % Foo.foo(moo)

which gives output of:

$ python ./foo.py 
expect True  : True
expect False : False
expect True  : True
expect False : True

Now, if you read just about any Python tutorial, it will say something along the lines of:

... the special thing about methods is that the object is passed as the first argument of the function. In our example, the call x.f() is exactly equivalent to MyClass.f(x). In general, calling a method with a list of n arguments is equivalent to calling the corresponding function with an argument list that is created by inserting the method’s object before the first argument. [Official Python Tutorial]

The official tutorial above is careful to say in general; others often don't.

The important point to remember is how python internally resolves attribute references as described by the data model. The moo.foo() call is really moo.__dict__["foo"](moo); examining the __dict__ for the moo object we can see that foo has been re-assigned:

>>> print moo.__dict__
{'foo': <bound method Foo.foo_override of <__main__.Foo instance at 0xb72838ac>>}

Our Foo.foo(moo) call is really Foo.__dict__["foo"](moo) -- the fact that we reassigned foo in moo is never noticed. If we were to do something like Foo.foo = Foo.foo_override we would modify the class __dict__, but that doesn't give us the original semantics.

So I postulate that the main point of this warning is to suggest to you that you're creating an instance that now behaves differently to its class. Because the symmetry of calling an instance and calling a class is well understood you might end up getting some strange behaviour, especially if you start with heavy-duty introspection of classes.

Thinking about various hacks and ways to re-write this construct is kind of interesting. I think I might have found a hook for a decent interview question :)

Planet DebianRaphaël Hertzog: People Behind Debian: Josselin Mouette, founder of the Debian GNOME team

Josselin Mouette is one the leaders of the pkg-gnome team, he takes sound technical decisions and doesn’t fear writing code to work-around upstream issues. He deserves kudos for the work he has put into packaging GNOME over the years. He can also be very sarcastic (sometimes he even enjoys participating to flamewars on debian lists), and there are quite a few topics where we have long agreed to disagree. But this kind of diversity is also what makes Debian a so interesting place…

Read on to learn more about the pkg-gnome team, its plans for Wheezy, Josselin’s opinion on the GNOME 3 switch, and much more.

Raphael: Who are you?

Josselin: I am a 31 years old Linux systems engineer. I started in life with physics, which I studied at the ENS Lyon. I started a thesis on experimental and numerical models for optoelectronics, but when it became clear that research was not for me, I abandoned it and accepted a job at the CEA, which holds the largest computing center in Europe. Working on these machines has been the most awesome job ever (except for it being near Paris). After that I worked a bit on system monitoring technologies.

I am married, currently living in Lyon, and working for EDF (the French historical electricity company) on scientific workstations using Debian. EDF is using Debian on more than a thousand workstations and holds the fastest Debian supercomputer in the world (200 Tflops), which makes it another obvious place for Debian developers.

Raphael: How did you start contributing to Debian?

Josselin: I discovered Debian in 1999 while studying at the ENS, which is one of the biggest nests of Debian developers – while being a small place, it is producing almost one Debian developer per year on average. After wondering for a while what it could be useful for, hacking on a slink snapshot made me think that it was for, well, everything except for gaming. Later, in 2002, when I was working on optoelectronics computing codes, I started to package them for Debian in order to make them easier to install, for us as well as other labs over the world. I started the NM process, and it was going smoothly but also going to take time. However, at that moment, the frozen-bubble game went out and made quite some buzz. Since I knew a guy who knew the game’s developer, he asked me to package it. The package found 3 sponsors in a very short time and was fast-tracked into the archive at a speed that was unseen before. After which the NM process was completed very quickly.

At that time, I was a heavy WindowMaker user, but I didn’t like the direction the project was taking (actually, I wonder if there was one). GNOME was starting to become attractive, but its packaging in Debian was very ineffective, with many inconsistent packages maintained by people who didn’t ever talk to each other – some of them didn’t speak English, and some of them didn’t talk at all. Together with awesome people, among which Jordi Mallach, Gustavo Noronha Silva, JHM Dassen, Ross Burton and Sébastien Bacher, we started the GNOME team in 2003, introducing consistent packaging practices, and initiating synchronized uploads. Releasing a completely integrated GNOME 2.8 in sarge was a considerable achievement; proving (together with the Perl team) that a team was the best way to maintain large package sets changed the way people work on Debian.

“Proving […] that a team was the best way to maintain large package sets changed the way people work on Debian.”

Raphael: You’re one of the most active contributors of the team which is packaging GNOME for Debian. What would you suggest to a new contributor who would like to help the team?

Josselin: There are several ways to contact the team, but the recommended one has always been IRC. We hang on #debian-gnome on the OFTC network, so just come around and ask for us.¹ The real question is what you want to do in the team. Of course, most new volunteers want to help packaging the latest and greatest version of GNOME into unstable as soon as possible, but unless they already have Debian background, this is not the easiest task. Since there are already people working on this, the “big” packages are usually waiting on dependencies.

I used to direct newcomers towards bug triage, but it is a tedious task and I’m now convinced that our huge bug backlog will never be dealt with. The most useful thing to do for newcomers now is probably to find a GNOME or GNOME-related package that needs improvement or is lagging behind, and simply try to work on it. You can also come and fix the bugs you find annoying. Find a patch on the GNOME bugzilla, or cook it yourself, propose it, and if it’s worthy enough you’ll soon get commit access.

“Our huge bug backlog will never be dealt with.”

¹ At this point I feel worth mentioning that if no one answers in 10 minutes, it doesn’t mean that no one will answer in 2 hours, so please stay on the channel after asking.

Raphael: There’s been some controversy about GNOME 3 and the direction that the project is taking. What’s your personal stance on GNOME 3? And what’s the position of the pkg-gnome team?

Josselin: The controversy is not new to GNOME 3, but the large-scale changes made with it have put it more prominently. The criticism usually boils down to a few categories:

  1. General lack of configurability
  2. Strange design decisions
  3. Red Hat centric development
  4. Hardware requirements
  5. Change resistance

The lack of configuration options has been an ongoing criticism since GNOME 2.0 has decided to rip off most of them. Of course, when the control center was redesigned again for 3.0, there was a surge of horrified exclamations from people who missed their favorite buttons. On this topic, I fully concur with GNOME developers. The configuration option that is useful for you is not necessarily useful for someone else. Of course, sometimes developers go a bit too far, but the general direction is right. At work, we found that only a minority of users actually configure anything on their desktops: they just want something that works to launch their applications. Apple and Google have sold millions of devices by making them the simplest possible and without any configuration.

Design decisions are, on the contrary, individual decisions, and each of them, while having reasons behind it, can be questioned. I remember seeing a lot of complaints when the OK and Cancel buttons were reversed in dialog boxes, something that nobody questions anymore. GNOME Shell is full of such changes; some are easy to get accustomed with, some others just make eyebrows raise. The most obvious example is the user menu in GNOME 3.2, which contains an entry to configure your Google account, but no entry to shutdown the computer. Both decisions were taken independently, each of them with (good or bad) reasons, but the result is simply ridiculous. The default configuration in Debian will contain an extension to make it a bit better, but on the whole we don’t intend to diverge from the upstream design, on which a lot of good work has been done.

“On the whole we don’t intend to diverge from the upstream design, on which a lot of good work has been done.”

Point 3 is more complex. Red Hat being the company spending the most on GNOME, it is obvious that their employees work on making things work for their distribution. An example is the recurring discussions about relying on system services that are currently only implemented by systemd. Since there is a lot of (mostly unjustified) resistance against systemd in Debian, and since it won’t work on kFreeBSD anyway, someone needs to develop an alternative implementation of these services for upstart and sysvinit. Everything is in place for someone else to do the job but it has to be done, and this can be frustrating. Especially since it can also be hard to integrate changes needed for other distributions¹.

Hardware requirements are mostly a consequence of the previous criticism: there’s hardware that most distributions just don’t want to bother supporting. We’ve seen it in squeeze with the introduction of a hard dependency on PulseAudio. The Debian GNOME team (together with the Gentoo maintainers) made this dependency optional, carrying heavy patches, in order to cover the cases where it does not work. Now that it has gained more maturity, making this effort obsolete, the new tendency is to require 3D acceleration. For various reasons, it is not available to everyone². On this matter, the position of the Debian GNOME team has always been to support as much different configurations as possible with reasonable effort. Thanks to efforts from the incredible Vincent Untz, upstream supports a so-called “fallback mode”, which is the GNOME panel from 2.x with a lot of its bugs fixed. We intend to support this mode for as long as reasonably possible in Debian, possibly even after upstream ends up dropping it. However, other applications are going to require 3D because GStreamer is moving to clutter too, affecting video playback performance on non-accelerated systems³. For epiphany this is not a problem; only embedded video will be affected. But for totem, this is a major issue; because of that we will probably keep totem 3.0 in wheezy.

Finally, there is a natural human tendency to dislike change (I have it too), and it applies a lot to desktop users’ habits. Needless to say a change of such a scale as introducing GNOME Shell can trigger reactions. However, I don’t think it is reasonable, because of this resistance, to keep gnome-panel 2.x in Debian. This would be a lot of work on obsolete technology, and would prevent the upcoming removal of a lot of deprecated libraries. This time is much better spent improving gnome-panel 3.x in Debian and keeping the “fallback mode” great. One of the change that was made in Debian was to make it easier to find, being available as “GNOME Classic” directly from the login manager, instead of having to find it in an obscure configuration panel. In all cases, I would recommend to actually try GNOME Shell for a few hours before ditching it. I had never been accustomed to a new environment as quickly ever before.

“In all cases, I would recommend to actually try GNOME Shell for a few hours before ditching it.”

¹ Having seen several of my GDM patches reverted without a warning, I know we are not finished with carrying patches in Debian packages.
² Scientific workstations are a non-trivial example, since there is a measurable effect of using 3D in the window manager on heavy 3D applications.
³ On the other hand, on accelerated systems, this feature should end up improving performance a lot.

Raphael: What are your plans for Debian Wheezy?

Josselin: The first goal of the GNOME team is, of course, to provide again a great desktop environment to work on. For wheezy it will probably be based on GNOME 3.4. There also needs to be some work on package management interfaces. Upstream bases everything on PackageKit, but it is not as featureful as the aptdaemon Ubuntu technology. If I have time, I would also like to improve HTTP proxy support, since currently it is based on a stack of terrible hacks.

Raphael: If you could spend all your time on Debian, what would you work on?

Josselin: Obviously I would like to make GNOME in Debian even better. That would imply working on underneath dependencies (what we now like to call plumbing) to make sure everything is working great. This would also imply working more as GNOME upstream to make it more suitable for our needs.

I would also work on large-scale improvements on the distribution, like conditional recommends which I’d love to see implemented¹, or automatic build-dependency generation. I would also work on the installer to make it better for desktops machines.

¹ The idea is to automatically install language packs, or glues between two packages when both packages are installed.

Raphael: What’s the biggest problem of Debian?

Josselin: The obvious answer is the same as the one most people you interviewed before gave: not enough members in core teams. A lot of developers join Debian to work on a small number of pet packages, and don’t necessarily want to be involved with existing teams. It is probably still not obvious enough that the primary way to start contributing to Debian is to join an existing team.

But if there is one thing that is preventing Debian from gaining more momentum now, it is a completely different one: the too short support timeframe. 3 years is really not enough for corporate users. One year to migrate from one version to another is too short, and it is not possible to skip a release. It is definitely possible to change that with reasonable effort: the long-term support after 3 years doesn’t have to cover the same perimeter as the short-term one. For example, we could upgrade the kernel to the version in the current stable release, and stop fixing all non-remote security holes. The important thing is to cover the most basic needs: companies are ready to take the risk of having less support if it allows skipping a version, but not the risk of having no support at all. And even more important is to say that you do something. Red Hat says they support a release for 10 years, but of course after 5 years the supported perimeter is extremely small.

“3 years [of support] is really not enough for corporate users.”

Long-term support will not magically fix all problems in Debian, but it will bring more corporate users into the picture. And with corporate users come paid Debian developers, who can work on critical pieces of the system. Debian was built on the synergy between individuals and companies, and in recent years – perhaps as a reaction against what happened with Ubuntu – we’ve kind of forgot the latter. A lot of individuals have joined the project, and they are actively working, for example, on shortening the release cycle, which goes against the interest of professionals. We should embrace again such users and developers, and that means adapting to the current needs of larger entities.

Raphael: You’re the maintainer of python-support, a packaging helper that was competing with python-central. Both helpers are now deprecated in favor of dh_python2. Does this mean that the situation of Python in Debian is now sane? Or are there remaining problems?

Josselin: dh_python2 (and the Python3 version, dh_python3) has a sane enough design. It fixes a lot of issues in python-central and also python-support, at the expense of somehow reduced functionality for developers. However, just like the previous tools, it merely works around design mistakes in the Python interpreter. For example it is not possible to split binary modules, pure-Python modules and byte-compiled modules in different directory trees, like Perl does – although PEP 3147 introduces a way to do so. There is still no sane and standardized way to deal with module versions. There is no difference made between the module (which is a part of language semantics) and the file containing it (an information which depends on the implementation). Developers heavily rely on introspection features and make assumptions based on the implementation, that make it impossible to work around problems with module files.

Such problems are not restricted to Python. Those who fought against Ruby gems could tell even worse stories. While introducing GObject introspection packages in Debian (they can be used in JavaScript and Python to provide modules based on GObject libraries), I was pleased to see a clear distinction between file and module, but I was again struck by the fact you are not forced to declare API versions in your Python/JS code. In all cases, there is no reliable way to detect runtime dependencies in a given Python or JavaScript file, which leaves the maintainer to declare them by hand, and of course, often be wrong about them. Add to that the fact that most errors cannot be detected before runtime. For all these reasons, and while still being fond of Python for scripts and prototyping, I’ve become really skeptical of using purely interpreted languages to write real applications. Some GNOME developers are moving away from Python and JavaScript, mostly towards Vala; I can only approve of that move and hope the same happens to other projects.

Raphael: Is there someone in Debian that you admire for their contributions?

Of course there is the never-sleeping, never-stopping, Michael Biebl who can upload a whole GNOME release in a single week-end. But there are a lot of awesome people who make Debian something that simply works. I could talk about Cyril Brulebois from the X strike force, Julien Cristau from the release team, Sjoerd Simons for his sound advice and work on plumbing, Luca Falavigna who is so fast at processing NEW, to quote only a few of those I work with frequently. And of course, Jordi and Sam for their humor.


Thank you to Josselin for the time spent answering my questions. I hope you enjoyed reading his answers as I did. Note that you can find older interviews on http://wiki.debian.org/PeopleBehindDebian.

Subscribe to my newsletter to get my monthly summary of the Debian/Ubuntu news and to not miss further interviews. You can also follow along on Identi.ca, Google+, Twitter and Facebook

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Planet LCAWalktime Blog #18: Interview with Marco Ostini at LCA2012

Despite Australia's strong involvement in the early history of space exploration, we're now lagging way behind many far smaller nations in our commitment to the industry. At linux.conf.au 2009 in Hobart, Marco Ostini gathered together a group of like-minded people to create Lunar Numbat: a project to develop Open Source space technology as part of the White Label Space team competing for the Google Lunar X-Prize. At linux.conf.au 2012 in Ballarat I managed to pin him down long enough to film this interview.

View or comment directly on YouTube: youtu.be/6PQ6mIEmKfc

Links for this ep:
 * Marco Ostini: www.twitter.com/marcoostini
 * Lunar Numbat: www.lunarnumbat.org
 * White Label Space: www.whitelabelspace.com
 * Google Lunar X-Prize: www.googlelunarxprize.com

Planet DebianNikita Youshchenko: Cryptkeeper

Situation: a home Debian-based desktop, used by non-technical family members, without any lock-screen passwords or so to maximize convenience.

Need: without making much noise, hide private files from too curious relatives.

Solution: aptitude install cryptkeeper.

365 TomorrowsSlow Passage

Author : Victoria Barbosa

“You want to do what?” said Alice’s mother, Irene. “That’s insane!”

“Not really,” said Alice. “We always speak about time as if it were a great surprise, an uncontrollable element. I think it’s time we tamed it.”

Her father smoothed his muttonchop whiskers. “Has this something to do with all this monkeying around in your laboratory?”

“Something,” Alice said. “Come, I’ll show you.”

She led the way to her laboratory. They had seldom been inside, and stepped in gingerly, staring around.

They saw nothing out of the ordinary in the high-ceilinged, curtained room, unless it was the device on the table, a scintillating orb that whirled so fast it was a blur, emitting a faint buzzing sound.

“Is that it?” asked her father. “What does it do?”

“It’s a remedy,” said Alice. “You know how one is always saying, ‘oh how you’ve grown!’ to children? And ‘it seems as if Christmas was just last week, and here it is again.’”

“Yes, of course,” said Irene. “Time does seem to fly, and more so as you grow older.”

The twins, Agnes and Roger, peered in. “What are you doing?” Roger asked. “Can we see too?”

“Come in.” Alice drew her niece and nephew in, smoothing Agnes’ unruly red hair. “Remember the twins’ birthday party?” she asked her mother. “We enjoyed it, didn’t we?”

“I remember it,” said Agnes. “We had red balloons, and I got a doll and Roger a truck.”

“How long ago was it?” Alice asked.

“Why, it was . . .it wasn’t long ago. Let’s see, what month is this?” said Irene.

“We’re in summer,” said Alice.

“Why, then it was just last fall.. . ” Irene looked puzzled.

“But it seems much longer ago,” said Alice. “Doesn’t it?”

“Yes, it’s . . .it’s been quite awhile, but of course we’ve had Christmas since then, and Easter . . . and . .. .”

“Time has stopped,” said her father, looking pale. “You’ve stopped it somehow.”

He pulled out his pocket watch and consulted it. “The second hand is barely moving. I hadn’t noticed.”

“Everything in this house has remained the same for some time,” Alice said. “We haven’t really noticed because time is an unnatural element for us. We were meant, after all, to live in eternity.”

“Is this . . .eternity?” whispered Irene, looking around rather wildly, as if she expected to see archangels materializing.

“Not at all.” Alice laughed. “It’s just time slowed down.”

“But the supplies?” said Irene faintly. “The housekeeper . . .”

“Helga has bravely ventured out occasionally. Rather like stepping in and out of a moving carriage, she says. But there is a small problem.”

Her father looked grim.”What is that?”

Alice crossed to the window and lifted her hand to the curtain. “Well, things have not stayed the same outside. Time has been moving on, there.” She opened the curtain.

Bright sunlight spilled into the room, blinding them at first to the scene outside. Alice, who had not looked out for some months, blinked at it herself. Bridges and skyways looped from one soaring edifice to another, rising into apparent infinity, while under and around them whizzed vivid neon vehicles at speeds approaching sound.

“I’m not quite sure what will happen if I turn it off,” said Alice. “But I suspect we shall be quite an anomaly.”

 

Discuss the Future: The 365 Tomorrows Forums
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This is your future: Submit your stories to 365 Tomorrows

 

Planet DebianCraig Small: Unlucky sometimes

Sometimes life throws little curves at you to see if you are still awake, today has been one of those days.

fglrx is (apparently) fixed

I’ve had a long-running problem with fglrx on my laptop.  The problem stems from ATI closed-source drivers with one of those laptops that has an ATI and Intel driver. It means I am basically using the slow Intel chip only.  This morning I had enough and backed up my home and started to rebuild the laptop with debian 6.0.3.

So I kicked off the very very slow process of reformatting the crypto drive (it has taken 5 hours and still going) let it gurgle on its merry way and started to read my email.  One of the  emails was that my bug about fglrx not working is closed, apparently it is fixed.  If I had read that 10 minutes earlier, a simple ‘apt-get install fglrx-driver‘ would of perhaps fixed it; oh well.

My problem is now is do I move to the latest driver and hope their fix is my fix or leave it with some ancient version?  My preference is the former; I only hope it works!

psmisc 22.15 and buffer overflows

psmisc has a program called pstree which prints the set of processes in a tree fashion.  It hasn’t changed much for quite a while.  I released version 22.15 and the Debian package 22.15-1.  22.15-1 I also adopted the harden CFLAGS as suggested for procps.

I was a little surprised that I received an important bug.  The report was saying I had a buffer overflow introduced in 22.15-1, but no relevant code had changed.  The compiler options had done their job and stopped a buffer being overflowed.

But where exactly was the overflow?  Running gdb on pstree quickly showed that it was line 267 of pstree.c which uses strcpy().  That function set off warning bells. The relevant code is:

    PROC *new;
 
    if (!(new = malloc(sizeof(PROC)))) {
        perror("malloc");
        exit(1);
    }
    strcpy(new-&gt;comm, comm);

 

Now comm is the short command name you find in /proc//stat.  It is fixed in the kernel at 16 characters.  The PROC structure has this field as 17 characters long, one extra for the NUL.  I went and checked the Linux source and yes, it is still 16 characters long.  The clue was in the name of the program that it died on.

#6  new_proc (comm=0x6111b0 "{console-kit-dae}", pid=1571, uid=0)
    at pstree.c:267
 

That string is 17 characters long. The problem is that 16 characters is for the name only. If the name is in brackets or braces, then that 16 character limit doesn’t apply.  The buffer overflow bug has been there for a long time, but only with the compiler flags did it become visible.

Given you need to read names out of the /proc filesystem and if someone can fiddle with that you have bigger problems it doesn’t seem to be too much of an issue.  It should be (and is in Debian 22.15-2) fixed but is a nice example of the compiler catching bad things.

 

The Reid ReportThe 10 most fabulously faily moments from the CNN Florida debate

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Well, the last debate before the Florida primary is in the can. And oh, what a debate it was. Here are the ten failiest … and therefore most fabulous … moments:

1. Mitt Romney: “I don’t remember what’s in my ad … and I approve this message.”

Romney zinged Newt Gingrich for calling him the most anti-immigrant candidate, only to apparently forget the very ad that’s very effectively making that point, in Spanish, in Florida, with a tag line recorded by Romney, saying he approves this message. In the end, lying about the ad may hurt Mitt later, but the substance of the ad hurts Newt now. Bye bye South Florida voters!

2. Mitt to Santorum: Romneycare being just like Obamacare not worth getting angry about. Takeaway: Romney got owned, but the owner kind of comes across like Norman Bates.

3. Suddenly, Republicans can’t be enough of Hispanic immigrants! Hey, it’s Florida. Best part: Mitt Romney speed names every Hispanic he can ink of, even dredging up his erstwhile endorser, Mel Martinez. Caliente!

4. Newt hits moderator, moderator hits back. And not only did Newt get owned by Wolf Blitzer, he did so in the process of practically begging for a truce with Mitt Romney. Never a good look, and needless to say, Romney said no thanks.

5. Take my wife, please! Newt says Callista would be a good first lady to “hang out with” in the White House, in part because she plays the French horn, but really she wouldn’t be any better a first lady than the other guys’ wives. Time for another Tiffany’s line of credit!

6. Mitt Romney utters two words he should never, ever say: “you’re fired.”

7. Mitt’s “blind trust” it’s where he keeps his Fannie Freddie money, you know. So about that “blind” thing

8. Romney never voted for a Democrat… when there was a GOPer on the ballot… So what happened when there wasn’t?

9. Screamy don’t do science … Rick Santorum used his final answer of the debate to thoroughly lock down the antimodern vote, by saying that unlike his opponents, he didn’t fall for that global warming malarkey… Leeches, anyone?

10. Two words: moon colony … with fabulous prizes, even!


Planet LCAWalktime Blog #17: Interview with Matt Evans at LCA2012

At linux.conf.au 2012 I had the good fortune of meeting up with old friends and also making new ones, including the amazingly talented Matt Evans. Matt did a great talk called "Hack Everything: Re-Purposing Everyday Devices", so I caught up with him briefly afterwards to talk to him about it.

View or comment directly on YouTube: www.youtube.com/watch?v=BIQl0u-YZ5s

Planet DebianLior Kaplan: PHP 5.4 @ Zend

As a Linux integration guy at Zend, most of my time is spent in compiling PHP related code or dealing with the variety of Linux distributions we support. With the coming release for PHP 5.4, we (at Zend) had some interesting stuff going on.

As part of the RC phase, I got to check the status of the 50-60 PHP extensions we provide, especially the PECL extensions which have different release cycles than the main PHP. With minor versions, this usually doesn’t really matter, but for major versions this means that some extensions need a little bit of love and fixes to work well with the new PHP version. This of course with the help of our developers.

The changes are usually one-liners due to a variable type change, or finding commits in the extension’s SCM and applying/back-porting it to the current versions (e.g. pecl memcache). Our policy regarding the patches we have, is that they should at least be sent to upstream (a core member or a bug report, e.g. #55703). I think I’m in the best position to enforce that patch policy, so in a few recent cases, I found myself asking one of our developers if the patch he sent me was already accepted upstream before willing to take it into the build process (in this case they are used temporarily, till we’ll work with the next RC or final release).

While most people build PHP as a final and standalone product, we also test it against ZendServer (or the other way around, depends on your POV). This helps to discover problems related to and implications of the changes done in the major version. During the PHP 5.4 RC cycle (which is still not finished), we had, more than a few times, that an internal problem discovered led to debugging, code reviewing and sending feedback (and patches when relevant) to the PHP project. Providing fixes for the issues found, helps having PHP in a better shape for release. At least for me, that’s one of the fun parts of work – getting the chance to contribute back to the community (or at least making sure others do, as I don’t write the patches myself).

Filed under: PHP

The Reid ReportNewt Gingrich vs … Ronald Reagan?

Newt Gingrich keeps saying he’s the real Reagan Republican. Reagan’s ghost would beg to differ…

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Because when Newt actually served in Congress during Reagan’s presidency, he talked as much crap about him as he does about President Obama (only without the food stamps. Reagan had already locked down the welfare queen thing…)

Read more here.


Charles StrossEating the seed corn

(This will redound to our detriment in the long term.)

As you might have noticed, the British public unintentionally elected a rather weird pantomime horse coalition government nearly two years ago. In the wake of the 2008 financial crisis, the Conservatives vowed to reduce the national deficit — the ratio of tax income to expenditure — in order to reduce the government's level of borrowing. There's more than one way to do this: you can raise tax levels, cut expenditure, or cut tax and increase expenditure selectively to encourage economic growth (and thus increase tax receipts in the long term). The government decided to rely overwhelmingly on just one lever, however: spending cuts.

When the budget is cut, hard choices are made. Do you cut healthcare spending, or essential provision for the severely disabled (and those unable to work because there are no jobs to go round)? Or do you cut fripperies, such as the maintenance budget for public parks or libraries?

As in several other countries, here in the UK we have a thing called the Public Lending Right. PLR is a small pot of cash distributed annually to authors who have registered books that are loaned out via British libraries. This is compensation for sales lost to library loans. It's not a huge pot, and the disbursement is relatively small: it was 6.29 pence (£0.0629) per loan prior to February 2010, and there was a ceiling on payouts — both Terry Pratchett and J. J. Rowling stood to take home no more than £6600 each. To put it in perspective, the royalty an author receives for the sale of a £7.99 paperback is on the order of 60p, or the equivalent of ten loans under the scheme.

Since the Coalition were elected, PLR payments have been cut, modestly: to 6.25p in February 2011, and 6.05p in February 2012. Not too onerous for a round of public belt-tightening ... but it's only a cut of 5% or so over two years, right?

Which is why I am extremely worried to report that my payment has fallen from £1,956.21p in February 2011 to £1,371.39p in February 2012.

I registered two additional titles in 2011, thus increasing my number of titles eligible for loans by around 10%. And my publishers' sales figures don't show my sales to the public falling significantly. (The picture is muddied by the recession and the implosion of Borders in the USA, but I haven't suddenly fallen into the memory hole.)

After taking into account the fact that payments are made at 96.8% of the level in 2012 as in 2011, this corresponds to a drop in library loans of 27.6% in one year — probably more, taking into account the new titles.

I'm not worried because of a cut to my income: rather, I'm worried about the big picture. Libraries are substantially but not exclusively used by children, the unemployed, and pensioners: mostly people without the discretionary spending power to shrug and go to a bookshop instead.

And note the first group I mentioned. I'm not a children/young adult author, but if the drop in my PLR loans reflects library closures, then we have just slammed the door in the face of a new generation of readers. I got my start reading fiction from my local library; the voracious reading habits of a bookish child aren't easily supported from a family budget under strain from elsewhere during a time of cuts. I hate to think what the long term outcome of this short-term policy is going to be, but I don't believe any good will come of it.

January 26, 2012

Google AdsenseMore options for Google+ badges

(Originally posted on the Google+ Platform Blog, cross posted on the Webmaster Central Blog)

When we launched Google+ pages in November, we also released Google+ badges to promote your Google+ presence right on your site. Starting today in developer preview (and soon available to all your users), we're adding more options for integrating the Google+ badge into your website. You can configure a badge with a width that fits your site design and choose a version that works better on darker sites. You'll also see that Google+ badges now include the unified +1 and circle count that we added to Pages last month.

If you’re still considering whether to add a Google+ badge on your website, consider this: We recently looked at top sites using the badge and found that, on average, the badge accounted for an additional 38% of Google+ followers. When you add the badge visitors to your website can discover your Google+ page and connect in a variety of ways: they can follow your Google+ page, +1 your site, share your site with their circles, see which of their friends have +1’d your site, and click through to visit your Google+ page. These activities can help you expand your audience by enabling your users to share and recommend your content.

The Google+ badge makes it easy for your fans to find and follow you on Google+. With these additional options, we hope it's even easier to create a badge that fits your website.

Follow the conversation on Google+.

Posted by Lucy Hadden, Software Engineer, Google+

365 TomorrowsPlaying The Long Game

Author : Geoffrey Cashmore

Regret. That was new.

My life had been built into a shape where regret had no place. I only had one purpose – my entire existence leading up to it – and it wasn’t just me – I couldn’t even guess how many others were involved; working behind the scenes so that everything came together at the right place. The right time. Just so I could say that one word…

You wouldn’t believe there was anything special about Lenko. Not to look at him, anyway. I actually thought he was a little too stupid, even for a Senate candidate, but that shows you how much I know.

Fifteen years in the satellites, ferrying him from one station to the next while he built his popularity. Stuck in that ugly Behemoth without even any view-screens except for the docking cam. Not that there’s anything to see up there. Black space. All the stations, one just like the next.

There wouldn’t have been any regret back then. Every time he came back on board Lenko would slap me on the shoulder as I secured the airlock and tell me “not long now, Cormac. Not long now until I’m in the Senate and we can finally go down to the surface. Then it will all have been worth it.”

I’d nod my head and smile like the loyal servant he’d always taken me for.

And then one day it finally happened. The vote came and Lenko was a Senator.

The transmission with the access codes arrived straight away and I docked the B at Threshold – the only station I’d never been to before. We stepped through; inside the atmosphere for the first time. It had actually worked.

There were a few technicalities to sort out but within an hour we were in the car pool – and there she was.

Lenko was saying something about the honour the people had bestowed upon him and the privilege of becoming the first off-worlder to make it to the highest level of the legislation, but I just couldn’t take my eyes off the Zephyr. Perfect smooth lines, no jutting stabilizers or thrust pods. She gleamed in pale yellow – the first thing I’d ever seen that wasn’t the plain grey of spaceware.

The command centre was familiar – I’d done plenty of time in the simulators – but when we slipped out of the launch chamber and saw what seemed like the whole planet stretching around us on the view-screens, I could hardly breathe.

Even Lenko shut up for a minute to look out at it.

The low-level flight plan was pre-programmed for when we hit traffic closer to the surface but up there I could pull her in big banking arcs, punching the boosters just for the feel of it.

When we dropped in below the marker a little indicator on the panel started to blink and the automatics cut in. We drifted into the traffic flow and crossed the sprawling cityscape until the Senate building came into view. That was when I really started to feel it. All the years of preparation and biding my time, waiting.

I ran my fingers over the controls of the Zephyr.

Lenko was getting all choked up as we started final approach. We could see the Senators lining out in their bright blue robes on the docking point, and in the middle of them all – out there in broad daylight instead of hidden away in the depths of the palace – Garlania, the President. She was actually smiling as we touched down and the airlock opened.

Regret. It was the last thing I thought I’d ever have to deal with. Not for that fool Lenko, not for the bowing and scraping Senators who would inevitably be caught in the blast, and certainly not for the bitch Garlania.

As I speak the control word and feel the chemical reaction of the deadly device planted in my guts begin to mount, my one regret is that I only got to drive that beautiful car just once.

 

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The Reid ReportUm … Rick Scott uses Holocaust quote to defend Bain Capital … seriously

Rick Scott defends Bain Capital. You're welcome, Mitt.

Dude.

From the Miami Herald:

Florida Gov. Rick Scott has not endorsed a candidate in the U.S. presidential contest, but he strongly endorsed the “free market” Thursday morning, using a Holocaust-era quote to encourage business leaders to defend capitalism during the presidential primaries.

“I’ve got a quote in my office,” he said before paraphrasing Martin Neimöller’s famous statement criticizing the complacency of some during the Nazi-era. “First they came for the Jews, and I wasn’t a Jew so I didn’t say anything…”

He linked the quote to criticisms, made by presidential candidates former House Speaker Newt Gingrich and Texas Gov. Rick Perry, about Bain Capital, which former Mass. Gov. Mitt Romney started.

“We shouldn’t be allowing candidates to attack people in business, we should be saying… ‘That’s us’,” Scott said at a quarterly board meeting of Enterprise Florida, the state’s economic development partnership with private businesses. …

I’m just going to go out on a limb and guess than any support from the country’s most unpopular governor is shall we say, unwelcome to Team Mitt. But this? Wow.


The Reid ReportToday’s Herald column: the GOP’s perfect mess

Mitt Romney, Newt Gingrich and Rick Santorum

In this week’s column, the three wings of the Republican Party go to war, and nobody has a chance of coming out alive, politically.
A clip:

The Archie Bunker wing of the Republican Party, whose mental cheese slid off its cracker when a guy with the middle name Hussein advanced to the presidency, doesn’t just want to see the GOP win back the White House. They want to see Barack Obama punished — humiliated, even. And so they’ve spent the last year fishing for a candidate who’ll get onstage during a debate and call Obama a Kenyan Socialist to his face.

When Donald Trump didn’t work out, despite his best efforts to cast Barack Obama as an affirmative-action hire of questionable birth, and Herman Cain fell through because there was just too much swirling around in his head, they got stuck with Newt.

Newt Gingrich has a few things going for him. His grandiosity (and many wives) recalls a certain Florida-ensconced talk show host who claims to possess talent “on loan by God.” Newt is so contemptuous of the politics of political correctness and of the base’s opponents, he’s comfortable calling poor and “urban” folks lazy and would gladly self-deport to the NAACP to tell them in person to get off welfare. I have never heard him utter the words “president” and “Obama” consecutively. Surely, if he were the nominee, Newt would deliver the catharsis of calling Obama the “food stamp president” in person. He might even call him “Barack,” in the same tone of voice that he delivered his tour-de-force “Juan” put down at debate moderator Juan Williams.

Of course, most Republican politicos believe that Newt is also unelectable.

Read the whole thing here.


Insight 10Doxie Go now bundled with Eye-Fi, goes pure wireless (Doxie Go + Wi-Fi)

Doxie Go

Doxie Go + Wi-Fi -  If you haven’t check out the Doxie Go Review post, then you should. Doxie Go is a marvellous portable scanner but at the time the review was written, it wasn’t bundled with an Eye-Fi card (which is needed to basically transfer the scan results/images into your computer wirelessly). Even better actually, you can even transfer them directly to your iPhone or iPad (through Wi-Fi) and even to Cloud services like Evernote or Flickr.

Doxie Go + Wi-Fi is priced at $239 and available to order worldwide. Packaging includes: the Doxie Go Scanner, companion software with award-winning ABBYY® OCR, and a bundled Eye-Fi™ wireless SD card. Doxie 2.1 software is included and the iOS sync app (to sync to iPhone or iPad) is free on the App Store.

When I reviewed Doxie Go earlier, there was no Eye-Fi included and as a result, I couldnt unlock Doxie Go’s full potential.

A sample of the Eye-Fi card is being sent to me at the moment, so stay tuned to read my updated experience with Doxie Go!

Doxie Go Details

 

Planet DebianGuido Günther: git-buildpackage in experimental

I've started uploading snapshots of git-buildpackage to experimental recently. Here's a short list of what changed over the version in wheezy and sid:

  • git-buildpackage now has a --git-pristine-tar-commit option that commits a tarball right back to the pristine-tar branch if it's not already there. This makes tracking upstream git and dfsg-clean source handling easier.
  • git-buildpackage's --git-upstream-tree now accepts a tree directly without the need to use --git-upstream-branch.
  • git-buildpackage's --git-export now parses the exported changelog instead of the working copy. This way we automatically pick up the correct tarballs, branches, etc. reducing the number of options needed.
  • Jan Čapek added a --git-postexport hook to allow to mangle the source after exporting it.
  • gbp-pull and gbp-fetch now support shallow clones thanks to Markus Lehtonen.
  • gbp-pull got a speed up by skipping the checkout for fast-forward. This makes updating large source trees less time consuming.
  • git-import-orig and git-import-dsc can now import into bare repositories.
  • Russ Allbery updated git-pbuilder to 1.27.
  • gbp-pq should be easier to use thanks to the --force and --switch options. It also handles patches without descriptions more robustly.
  • The test coverage of the internal test suite increased quiet a bit. We're now generating coverage information during the build in build/cover.
  • We're now generating apidocs which also serves as usage examples.

This blog is flattr enabled.

Planet DebianOndřej Čertík: When double precision is not enough

I was doing some finite element (FE) calculation and I needed the sum of the lowest 7 eigenvalues of a symmetric matrix (that comes from the FE assembly) to converge to at least 1e-8 accuracy (so that I can check calculation done by some other solver of mine, that calculates the same but doesn't use FE). In reality I wanted the rounded value to 8 decimal digits to be correct, so I really needed 1e-9 accuracy (but it's ok if it is let's say 2e-9, but not ok if it is 9e-9). With my FE solver, I couldn't get it to converge more than to roughly 5e-7 no matter how hard I tried. Now what?

When doing the convergence, I take a good mesh and keep increasing "p" (the polynomial order) until it converges. For my particular problem, it is fully converged for about p=25 (the solver supports the order up to 64). Increasing "p" further will not increase the accuracy anymore, and the accuracy stays at the level 5e-7 for the sum of the lowest 7 eigenvalues. For optimal meshes, it converges at p=25, for not optimal meshes, it converges for higher "p", but in all cases, it doesn't get below 5e-7.

I know from experience, that for simpler problems, the FE solver can easily converge to 1e-10 or more using double precision. So I know it is doable, now the question is what the problem is: there
are a few possible reasons:

  • The FE quadrature is not accurate enough
  • The condition number of the matrix is high, thus LAPACK doesn't return very accurate eigenvalues
  • Bug in the assembly/solver (like single/double corruption in Fortran, or some other subtle bug)
When using the same solver for simpler potential, it converged nicely to 1e-10. So this suggests there is no bug in the assembly or solver itself. It is possible that the quadrature is not accurate enough, but again, if it converges for simple problem, it's probably not it. So it seems it is the ill conditioned matrix, that causes this. So I printed the residuals (that I simply calculated in Fortran using the matrix and the eigenvectors returned by LAPACK), and it only showed 1e-9. For simpler problems, it can go to 1e-14 easily. So that must be it. How do we fix it?

Obviously by making the matrix less ill conditioned, which is caused by the mesh for the problem (the ratio of the longest/shortest elements is 1e9) but for my problem I really needed such a mesh. So the other option is to increase the real number accuracy.

In Fortran all real variables are defined as real(dp), where dp is an integer defined at a single place in the project. There are several ways to define it, but it's value is 8 for gfortran and it means double precision.So I increased it to 16 (quadruple precision), recompiled. Now the whole program calculates in quadruple precision (more than 30 significant digits). I had to recompile LAPACK using the "-fdefault-real-8" gfortran option, that promotes all double precision numbers to quadruple precision, and I used the "d" versions (double precision, now promoted to quadruple) of LAPACK routines.

I rerun the calculation ---- and suddenly LAPACK residuals are around 1e-13, and the solver converges to 1e-10 easily (for the sum of the lowest 7 eigenvalues). Problem solved.

Turning my Fortran program to quadruple precision is as easy as changing one variable and recompiling. Turning LAPACK to quadruple precision is easy with a single gfortran flag (LAPACK uses the old f77 syntax for double precision, if it used real(dp), then I would simply change it as for my program). The whole calculation got at least 10x slower with quadruple. The reason is that gfortran runtime uses the libquadmath library, that simulates quadruple precision (as current CPUs only support double precision natively).

I actually discovered a few bugs in my program (typically some constants in older code didn't use the "dp" syntax, but had the double precision hardwired). Fortran warns about all such cases, when the real variables have incompatible precision.

It is amazing how easy it is to work with different precision in Fortran (literally just one change and recompile). How could this be done with C++? This wikipedia page suggests, that "long double" is only 80bit in most cases (quadruple is 128bit), but gcc offers __float128, so it seems I would have to manually change all "double" to "__float128" in the whole C++ program (this could be done with a single "sed" command).

Charles StrossWorld building 302: Psychology, beliefs, and other times

"The past is a different country; they do things differently there."

In my last essay I discussed the likely and predictable environmental and technical constraints on writing fiction set in the 21st century, specifically looking at 2032 and 2092 as yardsticks. But I said virtually nothing about probably the most important factor in defining what our world might look like in the near future — namely, how we perceive it, and how our perception of our world feeds back into the way we behave (and how this in turn determines its shape).

This is of necessity a much fuzzier and more incoherent, flexible view of the future. But let's start with the predictive element that looks most likely — that the future will be about cities full of elderly people who are afraid of the sky — and then ask what this means.

A key prerequisite for a society of old people is a demographic transition from large families with many children to small families (typically of 1-2 children, with 3 or more being outliers). This phenomenon has swept around the planet since the 1930s with increasing force, driven by several triggers: antibiotics and modern medicine mean that almost all children survive into adulthood (prior to the 20th century around 50% of children died before reaching the age of 5), the cost of raising and educating a child sky-rockets as a society industrialises and requires a more educated work force: and female education and emancipation almost inevitably leads to family planning.

Long term economic consequences of the demographic transition are still unclear, but we can be fairly sure that post-DT societies need new models for nursing the elderly (you can't simply shuffle them off to a back room and split the work load among five or six daughters). There may be cyclic deflationary pressures (as populations shrink, real estate becomes less valuable), age-induced recessions (as the ratio of workers to [mostly elderly] dependents in a society skews towards the elderly), and so on. The medical care costs of the elderly are higher, but in turn, care for the old is labour intensive (and may offer some hope for how we find jobs for the employable people who've been shoved out of work in agriculture and industry by automation). There's also some indication that the demographic transition is semi-reversible, with some countries that went into steep sub-replacement decline suddenly experiencing baby booms (notably France and the UK in the past decade).

More controversial is the interaction between future shock, the demographic transition and religious indoctrination.

One response to the rapid pace of technological and social change is what Alvin Toffler characterised in 1970 as future shock: a syndrome characterised by inability or refusal to adapt to change, rejection of new patterns of social organization, vehement adoption of superstitious, new age or fundamentalist religious beliefs, and social reaction. We can see the symptoms of future shock all around us today. Among the reactions to change are a rise in extreme fundamentalism, and also (in societies undergoing or just having undergone the demographic transition) the use of religious justifications to restrict womens' reproductive freedom. (Males with social privilege are threatened directly by female emancipation, especially in traditional societies where large family size is a status/wealth symbol. It's also a direct threat to male sexual privilege in developed nations).

Restrictions on female reproductive autonomy also serve to induce women to remain within a faith community by making it hard to leave, which in turn ensures that their children are raised within that particular memetic complex. The War On Women's Reproductive Freedom is probably best seen as an adaptive backlash against the background of rapid change, but I think it's doomed to fail in the long term because forces driving the demographic transition (notably the increasing cost of raising a child to adulthood, combined with the decreased rate of infant mortality) aren't going to go away; the ultra-religious are going to end up having to choose between smaller families or living in ever more abject poverty. (Even trying to evade the pressure by home-schooling is problematic, because it's going to be the women who deliver the schooling, which in turn means that the women are going to have to be literate ...)

Keeping on the subject of emancipation: the long-term trends are running in favour of female education and emancipation, and against discrimination on the basis of spurious assumed genetic grounds (classical 19th century European racism). I'm not proposing that bigotry in general is in decline because there are startling blind spots all over the place, and crazy-sounding shit so wild I couldn't put it in a work of fiction. (Bigotry is fractal, and today's victim is tomorrow's oppressor.) I do think that homosexuality is slowly but surely being mainstreamed in western culture, despite opposition from threatened masculinists (and conservative women who see female homosexuality as threatening to undermine their status or lifestyle choices).

Speaking of supernormal sexual stimuli, Peter Watts has speculated that just as Photoshop retouching has corrupted our idea of beauty sufficiently good VR or teledildonics may offer us sexual experiences via machine that are so much better than person-to-person real world sex that, well, nobody wants to make the nasty any more. I'm not sure it's going to go that far, any more than pervasive access to porn on the internet has debauched and depraved our entire society in the past decade or so, but some subcultures/sexualities are unlikely to be mainstreamed because they are frankly harmful to third parties. It is interesting to speculate that teledildonics or VR may not only offer a distracting supernormal sexual stimulus to us, but be tailored to channel individuals with paedophile, necrophile, or other societally unacceptable desires into a non-harmful direction. Or at least in a direction that doesn't harm human beings. (Currently child pornography is illegal because it is argued that paedophiles use it for grooming children by convincing them that it's normal. But what if the child pornography in question could give a paedophile a more fulfilling sexual experience than anything they could experience with a real child, and could not be used for grooming?)

Ahem. Getting back to the long-term consequences of the demographic transition, what is clear is that a population that is around 30-50 years past the transition has a lot more middle-aged or elderly folks than children, with various psychological effects. Past 95, very few surviving adults are physically active. Past 85, many adults are suffering from some degree of dementia (be it vascular dementia or Alzheimer's). Past 45, a low speed cognitive decline begins to set in among many people. Past about 40, we become less flexible and find it harder to adapt to new technologies and ways of thinking, or to learn. And past about 25, we acquire a sense of our own mortality (one reason why, in traditional mass conscription armies prior to the First World War, troops aged 18-24 were assigned to front line units and reserves aged 24-34 were assigned to garrison duty/reserve operations: it wasn't just their physical stamina that was in question, but their willingness to take risks).

Given the rising proportion of elderly people in our societies, I expect that over the next century a lot of medical research will focus on the cognitive defects associated with age. I expect the most debilitating ones to receive most of the research funding -- notably the dementia problem, and to a lesser extent middle-aged cognitive impairment.

Now, it's almost a cliche that the older people get, the more socially conservative/reactionary they become, relative to the baseline social beliefs of young adults. But right now it's hard to tell whether this is a consequence of slow neurodegenerative conditions or of social conditioning — by age 40-50 adults conforming to the majority definition of social success will have raised children and owned property and hopefully started a pension fund; they have a stake in society, and a lot to lose in event of adverse change. Also, with more fragile health, they are generally more risk-averse than youngsters. In the USA it's very rare to see a start-up company founded by anyone over the age of 35; family and health pressures are a huge deterrent against striking out in a new venture without employer-provided group health insurance. (In the UK, start-up founders are frequently older or middle-aged, because a socialised healthcare system removes this major barrier to entrepreneurial ventures.)

I'll note that one side-effect of mild cognitive impairment is a reduction in curiousity. Another is that the person in question tends to assimilate new information only insofar as it validates and supports their existing world-view and prejudices. Beliefs people hold by the time they reach middle age often become set in stone as they grow older. And if more people live into old age, we will see a society in which social change becomes harder to achieve. (Unless medical treatments for cognitive degeneration become available.)

We will probably see by 2032 (much less 2092) middle-aged or elderly adults who are healthier and more cognitively flexible than their counterparts in 2012. The definition of "middle age" is pushed back somewhat; the threshold for "elderly" may likewise be moved. If it turns out that much of the post-35 cognitive change is degenerative and can be treated medically then we may see much livelier middle-aged and elderly people with more flexible, changeable, tolerant attitudes (albeit still more cautious than the young because they've lived through hard times and expect them to come again). Intolerance and authoritarianism seem to be largely an emergent side-effect of abuse and deprivation — a response to existential fear. A post-demographic transition population where child-rearing efforts are focussed on a small number of children and women are educated will (I hope) result in adults who are less prone to fear and intolerance.

If we get life prolongation treatments that work — even if they only prolong our active lives towards the current limit threshold (of roughly 120 years) — then we can expect some more interesting social changes.

For one thing, the primary benefit of democracy over autocracy (that it provides a pressure valve by facilitating orderly transitions of power before any government can become unpopular enough to trigger a mass revolt) may evaporate if the working life of a political professional stretches from age 30 to 120: with the same faces repeatedly coming up from decade to decade there may be an emergent gerontocracy. Jobs with responsibility are going to be hard for youngsters to find, career progression will be slow, and the ability of the elderly to make long-term plans is going to be socially exclusionary towards the young — not a good recipe for avoiding inter-generational strife. Policing of youthful behaviour may become a major social flash-point, with ubiquitous surveillance deployed to produce a global panopticon that suppresses behaviour the elderly find alarming (such as anything remotely high spirited in a public place). The world of 2092 will not be a pleasant place for the under-45s, if this is the state of the medical art.

On the other hand, if we get a handle on the senescence process itself and can either freeze or roll back the physical ageing process and treat the cognitive debilitation of age, then things may take a different (and to our eyes more surreal) turn. Physically young and mentally agile/flexible elderly people will be hard for youngsters to compete with, but will look similar — aside from different choices of style markers. And the cult of youth in 20th/21st century western civilisation will give the elderly youth an incentive to adopt youthful fashions, or to apply the brakes to the rate of change of fashion (however, my money is on the former). It's going to be hard to tell at a glance (without resorting to reality augmentation tech) whether the apparently 22 year old hipster in the bar is a real 22-yo hipster adopting an ironic pose because they're poor and locked in a dead-end part time job for the next 20 years before there's any hope of their obvious merit being recognised, or whether they're an 82 year old whose cynicism is born of genuinely having seen it all before.

Work is going to be a headache. We're already in a situation where, in most of the developed world, the full employment rate is in the range 25%-40% — that is, the proportion of people in the population at large who are employed full-time in a job that they are not over-qualified for. (Remember: a large chunk are under or over employable age, or unemployed, or employed part-time, or in the position of a law graduate working a counter in Walmart. The full employment rate is thus a better indicator of an economy's health than the unemployment rate — because below 4% unemployment there isn't actually enough liquidity in the labour market, and in any case, you can reduce unemployment easily by mandating a lower limit on weekly working hours, thus necessitating more employees to cover a job for 168 hours per week.)

There's an ideological road-block to survival here, and it is current generation capitalism (not to mention the Calvinist work ethic and a whole bunch of quasi-religious baggage). The truth is that we can't all work, and there isn't enough work to go round. Basing our social values on our fiscal utility is both short-sighted and inhumane. It's also horrifyingly oppressive, if you are 20 years old and looking forward to a century of labour at the bottom rungs on the ladder, or poverty. We're currently getting a crash course in what Karl Marx called the crisis of capitalism — its tendency to oscillate between boom and bust. Old, cautious, frightened people don't like busts. So unless they're deprived of effective political redress via the ballot box, they're going to vote for socialisation of risk. It's going to take another generation for the memory of the down-side of the Soviet Bloc to fade, but thereafter we may well see the pendulum swing back towards state planning and provision of universal services such as healthcare, a basic income, and education. Assuming, that is, that the highly acidic melting pot of capital globalisation doesn't dissolve the states before the mass movement of manufacturing capital from the developed to the developing world slows down and equilibrates.

So:

In the short term lots more religious fundamentalism, coupled with an anti-feminist backlash (and racist "get off my lawn" ranting against foreigners taking our jobs, either by coming over here to work or by our corporations sending their factories overseas). Also, lots of Bad Crazy stuff. The USA will be particularly bad, as empires in retreat are always fecund breeding grounds for paranoia, anger, and strange religious heresies. This will die down slowly, as the fundamentalists run into the demographic transition and the wealth-or-fecundity trap, and the imbalance between the wealth of the developed world and the third world diminishes (due to a combination of capital flight on one hand and industrialization on the other).

Other factors will tend to support female emancipation and societal normalization of homosexuality. For example, in China sex-selective abortion has led to a skewed gender ratio, with 1.2 males per female in some areas. The result, however, is that young women contemplating marriage can demand that suitors provide them with wealth such as a house and a car; the social status of young women is indirectly boosted by the dearth of competition, and new families are actively seeking to have daughters. Meanwhile, the first Gay Pride event in Beijing passed peacefully last year, and it's reasonable to predict that social acceptance of homosexuality will in turn reduce the pressure on gay men to marry a beard. Extrapolate to the rest of the world: as countries develop, family sizes shrink, women acquire more education, we see a familiar pattern emerging.

Longer term, we can expect a more cautious societal background, with slower change. More dispossessed youth feeling put-upon by their long-lived elders (as is particularly notable in Greece and Italy. Politics may well slowly swing back towards a pattern of state provision of social services by mid-century; the alternative will be serious civil disorder as the surplus labour left high and dry by the receding tide of automated industrial production revolts.

Huge turd-in-the-punchbowl events that may Change Everything include: working, affordable life extension, a Singularity (i.e. the Rapture of the Nerds, as envisaged circa 1990), mind uploading or working human equivalent AI, a new religion or ideological complex with the growth dynamic of 6th/7th century Islam or 20th century Leninism, and a global epidemic of Martian Hyper-Scabies. But I'd pencil in all of the above as speculative, rather than something that can be counted on.

Any thoughts?

Krebs on SecurityMr. Waledac: The Peter North of Spamming

Microsoft on Monday named a Russian man as allegedly responsible for running the Kelihos botnet, a spam engine that infected an estimated 40,000 PCs. But closely held data seized from a huge spam affiliate program suggests that the driving force behind Kelihos is a different individual who commanded a much larger spam empire, and who is still coordinating spam campaigns for hire.

Kelihos shares a great deal of code with the infamous Waledac botnet, a far more pervasive threat that infected hundreds of thousands of computers and pumped out tens of billions of junk emails promoting shady online pharmacies. Despite the broad base of shared code between the two malware families, Microsoft classifies them as fundamentally different threats. The company used novel legal techniques to seize control over and shutter both botnets, sucker punching Waledac in early 2010 and taking out Kelihos last fall.

On Monday, Microsoft filed papers with a Virginia court stating that Kelihos was operated by Andrey N. Sabelnikov, a St. Petersburg man who once worked at Russian antivirus and security firm Agnitum. But according to the researcher who shared that intelligence with Microsoft — and confidentially with Krebs On Security weeks prior to Microsoft’s announcement — Sabelnikov is likely only a developer of Kelihos.

“It’s the same code with modifications,” said Brett Stone-Gross, a security analyst who came into possession of the Kelihos source code last year and has studied the two malware families extensively.

Rather, Stone-Gross said, the true coordinator of both Kelihos and Waledac is likely another Russian who is well known to anti-spam activists.

WHO IS SEVERA?

A variety of indicators suggest that the person behind Waledac and later Kelihos is a man named “Peter Severa” — known simply as “Severa” on underground forums. For several years running, Severa has featured in the Top 10 worst spammers list published by anti-spam activists at Spamhaus.org (he currently ranks at #5). Spamhaus alleged that Severa was the Russian partner of convicted U.S. pump-and-dump stock spammer Alan Ralsky, and indeed Peter Severa was indicted by the U.S. Justice Department in a related and ongoing spam investigation.

It turns out that the connection between Waledac and Severa is supported by data leaked in 2010 after hackers broke into the servers of pharmacy spam affiliate program SpamIt. The data also include tantalizing clues about Severa’s real identity.

In multiple instances, Severa gives his full name as “Peter North;” Peter Severa translates literally from Russian as “Peter of the North.” (The nickname may be a nod to the porn star Peter North, which would be fitting given that Peter North the spammer promoted shady pharmacies whose main seller was male enhancement drugs).

Spamdot.biz moderator Severa listing prices to rent his Waledac spam botnet.

According to SpamIt records, Severa brought in revenues of $438,000 and earned commissions of $145,000 spamming rogue online pharmacy sites over a 3-year period. He also was a moderator of Spamdot.biz (pictured at right), a vetted-members-only forum that included many of SpamIt’s top earners, as well as successful spammers/malware writers from other affiliate programs such as EvaPharmacy and Mailien.

Severa seems to have made more money renting his botnet to other spammers. For $200, vetted users could hire his botnet to send 1 million pieces of spam; junk email campaigns touting employment/money mule scams cost $300 per million, and phishing emails could be blasted out through Severa’s botnet for the bargain price of $500 per million.

Spamhaus says Severa’s real name may be Peter Levashov. The information Severa himself provided to SpamIt suggests that Spamhaus’s intelligence is not far off the mark.

Severa had his SpamIt earnings deposited into an account at WebMoney, a virtual currency popular in Russia and Eastern Europe. According to a source that has the ability to look up identity information tied to WebMoney accounts, the account was established in 2001 by someone who entered a WebMoney office and presented the Russian passport #454345544. The passport bore the name of a then 26-year-old from Moscow — Viktor Sergeevich Ivashov.

SPAMDOT SECRETS

So where are the clues suggesting that Severa ran Waledac? Krebs On Security also managed to secure a copy of the Spamdot.biz forum, including the private messages for all of its users. On August 27, 2009, Severa sent a private message to a Spamdot.biz user named “ip-server.” Those communications show that the latter had sold Severa access to so-called “bulletproof hosting” services that would stand up to repeated abuse claims from other ISPs. The messages indicate that Severa transacted with ip-server to purchase dedicated servers used to control the operations of the Waledac botnet.

In the private message pictured in the screen shot to the left, Severa writes (translated from Russian):

“Hello, writing to your ICQ, you are not responding.  One of the servers has been down for 5 hours. The one ending on .171.  What’s the problem, is it coming up or not, and when?”

ssh 193.27.246.171
ssh: connect to host 193.27.246.171 port 22: No route to host”

Ip-server must have resolved the outage, because the server that Severa was complaining about — 193.27.246.171 — would be flagged a day later by malware analysts, and tagged as a control server for the Waledac botnet.

There are clues that suggest a relationship between Severa and Kelihos that go beyond similarities in the code that powers the two botnets. Last summer, prior to Microsoft’s takedown of Kelihos, I wrote about another venture that Severa widely advertised on hacker forums: “Sevantivir,” an affiliate program that rewarded hackers for tricking people into installing and ultimately paying for fake antivirus software.

In that story, I cited research by French malware investigator and blogger Steven “Xylitol” K, who found that the installer program that Severa was giving to affiliates seeded infected PCs with both fake antivirus and a copy of Kelihos. From that story:

“Steven discovered that the malicious installer that Sevantivir affiliates were asked to distribute was designed to download two files. One was a fake AV program called Security Shield. The other was a spambot that blasts junk email pimping Canadian Pharmacy/Glavmed pill sites. The spambot is detected by Microsoft’s antivirus software as Win32.Kelihos.b. According to Microsoft, Kelihos.b shares large portions of its code with the Waledac worm, an infamous worm that for several years was synonymous with Canadian Pharmacy spam.”

It’s not clear what botnet infrastructure he is using now, but Severa is still the spam service administrator on several underground forums, pimping his spam services, remarkably under most of the same prices he offered them for in 2008.

Contacted via instant message and presented with the evidence, Severa denied everything, saying he only did small opt-in mailings, had never used a botnet, and had been out of the business for years. When pressed about his fake antivirus affiliate program, Severa said he didn’t realize his antivirus program was fake, and that he didn’t know anyone named Sabelnikov, or even Ralsky. When presented with the screen shot below — which shows Severa complaining on Spamdot about how his broker ran away and that he was faced to find a new sponsor for spamming penny stocks just days after Ralsky’s arrest in Jan. 2008 — Severa said someone else must have been using his Spamdot account.

“The truth is that some people sharing servers, spamdot account and some other forum accounts [in] those years,” he explained. He gave the same reply when asked about the screen shot showing his renting the server used to control Waledac.

Kelihos may not be completely gone. Stone-Gross said he recently uncovered a malware sample that appears to be another installer for Kelihos.

“The guys running these botnets are making lots of money,” Stone-Gross said. “They’re not just going to sit back and say, ‘Oh no, they took down our botnet, let’s give up on our business.’ They’ll use pay-per-install affiliate programs to reinfect more machines and bring the botnet right back up.”

Severa writes: "Because of issues with Ralsky my broker ran away along with two other people who could supply stocks. I am forced to look for new contacts. So -- I AM LOOKING FOR STOCK SPONSOR"

Sociological ImagesNational Geographic Genders Animal Sexuality

Dr. Bethany Pope sent in a segment from a National Geographic show about animals’ sexual behavior. The clip is an amazingly gendered discussion, describing animals’ motivations and behaviors through the lens of what is considered normative masculine and feminine sexual behavior, the correct place of males and females in the social hierarchy, and the assumption that males and females are locked in a zero-sum game.

The anthropomorphizing of other species begins at the outset, when we learn female hyenas want “more than equal rights, they want to beat males at their own game.”  In fact, “Africa’s plains are among the most macho places on earth…they’re testosterone-fueled battlefields,” filled with “swaggering” males.

Bethany sums up the tone regarding hyenas, saying, “The documentary presents them as an abomination, usurping male gender roles.” Indeed, at about a minute in we learn that hyenas “seem mixed up.” A hyena “swaggers,” “confident” and “cocksure,” its penis swinging “low and proud.”

But what’s this? The swaggering, cocksure hunter “has a secret”! That’s not a penis, it’s an enlarged clitoris; our hero is a she! Not only that, there’s not a penis anywhere to be found, as this is an all-female pack; “these female are some of the most masculine in the world — and they like to sniff each other an awful lot, too. Compounding the “confusion,” they have a “bulging” sac, like a scrotum. And not only are female hyenas masculinized, but the poor males are emasculated, reduced to being “subservient, servile, and scared.”

It is rather stunning example of anthropomorphizing the natural world and applying gendered norms of sexuality to other species, and worth sitting through the full six minutes to get the full effect (the video might not be safe for some workplaces; there are a lot of lingering shots of penises and clitorises. A lot.):

<object height="315" width="420"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/icx5TucPZpw?version=3&amp;hl=en_US"/><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"/><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"/><embed allowfullscreen="true" allowscriptaccess="always" height="315" src="http://www.youtube.com/v/icx5TucPZpw?version=3&amp;hl=en_US" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="420"></embed></object>

(View original at http://thesocietypages.org/socimages)

Rondam RamblingsSkyNet has arrived

Skynet has arrived. Or at least one of its peripheraks has:The X-47B marks a paradigm shift in warfare, one that is likely to have far-reaching consequences. With the drone's ability to be flown autonomously by onboard computers, it could usher in an era when death and destruction can be dealt by machines operating semi-independently.Although humans would program an autonomous drone's flight

Sociological ImagesRon Paul Doubles Down On His Popularity Among Young Men

In an interesting article at Slate, Libby Copeland observes that Ron Paul has disproportionate support from young people and men.  Why?  She cites political scientists explaining that young people, on average, think in more black-and-white terms than older people:

…age and newness to politics predispose young voters to a less nuanced view of the political world. They’re less likely to take the long view, less likely to have patience, less likely to spin out the implications of their political theories.

Ron Paul does, indeed, articulate a straightforward ideology, especially compared to the other candidates.

Copeland doesn’t do as good of a job of explaining why men tend to like him more than women.  I wonder, though, if it maybe has something, just a little bit, to do with his branding.  Consider this ad:

<object classid="clsid:d27cdb6e-ae6d-11cf-96b8-444553540000" codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,40,0" height="315" width="560"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"/><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"/><param name="src" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/MXCZVmQ74OA?version=3&amp;hl=en_US"/><param name="allowfullscreen" value="true"/><embed allowfullscreen="true" allowscriptaccess="always" height="315" src="http://www.youtube.com/v/MXCZVmQ74OA?version=3&amp;hl=en_US" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="560"></object>

This ad is a clear adoption of masculinity and a strong rejection of femininity (symbolized by the Shih-Tsu and its supposed weakness).  In this sense, his ad is centrally in the genre of ads designed to associate products with MEN, partly by the deliberate exclusion of women and mocking of anything feminine.  Compare it, for example, to this commercial for the Ford F-150:

<object classid="clsid:d27cdb6e-ae6d-11cf-96b8-444553540000" codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,40,0" height="315" width="560"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"/><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"/><param name="src" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/ILi93hxe7gM?version=3&amp;hl=en_US"/><param name="allowfullscreen" value="true"/><embed allowfullscreen="true" allowscriptaccess="always" height="315" src="http://www.youtube.com/v/ILi93hxe7gM?version=3&amp;hl=en_US" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="560"></object>

It seems to me that Paul has decided to double down on his appeal, focusing on the market that he thinks is most likely to support him, and throwing everyone else out along with the social programs.

Thanks to Letta and Alex for sending along the article and commercials!

(View original at http://thesocietypages.org/socimages)

CryptogramEvidence on the Effectiveness of Terrorism

Readers of this blog will know that I like the works of Max Abrams, and regularly blog them. He has a new paper (full paper behind paywall) in Defence and Peace Economics, 22:6 (2011), 583–94, "Does Terrorism Really Work? Evolution in the Conventional Wisdom since 9/11, Defence and Peace Economics":

The basic narrative of bargaining theory predicts that, all else equal, anarchy favors concessions to challengers who demonstrate the will and ability to escalate against defenders. For this reason, post-9/11 political science research explained terrorism as rational strategic behavior for non-state challengers to induce government compliance given their constraints. Over the past decade, however, empirical research has consistently found that neither escalating to terrorism nor with terrorism helps non-state actors to achieve their demands. In fact, escalating to terrorism or with terrorism increases the odds that target countries will dig in their political heels, depriving the nonstate challengers of their given preferences. These empirical findings across disciplines, methodologies, as well as salient global events raise important research questions, with implications for counterterrorism strategy.

Geek FeminismRe-post: OMG, Ponies! (Or… my love affair with My Little Pony: Friendship is Magic)

During the December/January slowdown, Geek Feminism is re-publishing some of our highlights from last year. This post originally appeared on September 16, 2011.

I always thought my friend Sarah summed up the appeal of My Little Pony the best:

Once you believe in rainbow-coloured ponies who can talk, there isn’t much limit to your imagination.

My Little Pony group shot, artist unknown

My Little Pony group shot, artist unknown

I was the sort of little girl who had over a hundred My Little Ponies, largely due to my mother’s uncanny ability to find them incredibly cheap at garage sales. With so many, we could put on pony musicals where we wrote or adapted all the music and made costumes out of whatever scraps our parents were willing to lend us. My childhood best friend and I built an entire “computer game” for my little sister to play using ponies as the characters (Gameplay was inspired by our favourite adventure game for PC, Monkey Island. Nowadays, I’d call it a roleplaying game but I didn’t know the terminology then.) We had ponies on the bridge of the Enterprise, and ponies going camping on the very conveniently green-carpeted stairs in my house, and ponies ponies ponies.

My Little Pony: Friendship is Magic promo image showing the main characters

So when I heard that the new series was being spearheaded by the woman who brought us Powerpuff Girls, I was intrigued. And then I started hearing stuff about how it was really good. In fact, it was so good that it was garnering adult fans, including men who were really not in the target demographic at all. “Bronies.”

But I was busy, so I held off ’till after my first big academic job talk when finally the juxtaposition between this latest transition to adulthood and my inner child was too funny to pass up. I loaded up a couple of episodes on youtube from my room at the bed and breakfast where I was staying. They were fun! So then, through the gruelling months of finishing my thesis, I’d use ponies as a treat for finishing a round of revisions. By now, I’ve almost learned all the words to the song in my favourite episode. I learned that Brony could mean any adult fan, not just the boys. I learned that the brown pony with the hourglass “cutie mark” on his butt had been fan-named “Dr. Whooves” for his resemblance to a certain timelord. I found myself hitting up Equestria Daily for a daily dose of cute fanart. I started making a pony crochet pattern while my internet was slow. I am most definitely hooked. (*groan* … crochet pun.)

Young Dash by Arcum89

Young Dash by Arcum89

Creator Lauren Faust says, “I used to say that my own inner eight-year-old was my personal focus group.” and she’s certainly channelled the sorts of adventures that my little ponies were having too. Most importantly, it doesn’t rely on the offensive “girly” stereotypes that irk me so much as an adult woman. Consider the “mane” six: Geeky Twilight Sparkle loves books and learning and isn’t afraid to show it. Honest Applejack is self-reliant even to a fault! Rainbow Dash is competitive (the way people keep telling us women aren’t supposed to be). Fluttershy is the timid animal lover, but with a core of strength especially when it comes to protecting her friends. Even Rarity, the most stereotypically girly debutante pony and fashion designer, is also a dedicated small-business owner. And Pinkie Pie is just soooo random. These gals aren’t always breaking into tears when life gets hard: they’re trying novel solutions and finding a lot of inner strength.

There’s an excellent interview with Lauren Faust up at Equestria Daily which I think will appeal to many geek feminists, even if you’re not fans of the show. Here’s a quote (edited slightly for ableist language):

My specific dreams are still to make great entertainment for girls. I just don’t think there’s enough truly good stuff out there for them, but I also have kind of selfish reasons. When I think of something I want to say or an experience I want to share, my ideas are usually innately feminine because I’m female – and I refuse to believe that something being feminine by nature automatically means it isn’t worthwhile. If I can put the tiniest dent in the perception that “girly” equals “[bad]” or “for girls” equals “crappy,” I’ll be very satisfied.

I think Friendship is Magic has really got something special going here. Not only does it show the kind of role models I wish I’d had on TV as a little girl, but it’s also show that flies in the face of the common wisdom that boys (and even full-grown men) won’t watch anything where women or girls are the primary characters. You know, maybe the problem was just that we needed more good stuff for girls? So here we are with the bronies, eagerly anticipating the second season (which starts tomorrow!), planning meetups, and buying toys. Maybe, just maybe, this breakaway success will cause publishers to realize that if you make great TV for girls, it’s going to attract more than a narrow audience. This could be the beginning of evolution in girls’ programming. Heck, it could be the beginning of a change in the entire entertainment industry! But I know you’re going to tell me all I’m dreaming.

It’s okay, I’m willing to believe in rainbow-coloured ponies who can talk; I can imagine anything.

Planet DebianBen Hutchings: Testing backport of the isci driver for Intel C600 SAS/SATA controllers

Phil Kern made a general call for testing of Debian 6.0.4. I would like to more specifically point out that I backported the isci driver for Intel C600 SAS/SATA controllers. Unfortunately I have not yet had any testing results for this. If you have any machines with this hardware not yet in production, please do consider testing the new Linux kernel package, version 2.6.32-41.

Updated: I now have a positive test result from the user who requested this driver in the installer.

The Reid ReportRemember that time Ron Paul stood in front of a confederate flag and said the south was right?

No? Well here you go …

<iframe allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen" frameborder="0" height="318" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/B85TJJyKyKw" width="425"></iframe>
(hat tip to News One)

Of course, Paul’s notion that slavery was not the primary cause of the civil war is belied by actual history, including the declaration of war against the union made by South Carolina, which after a lengthy preamble laying out the formation of the United States, and the entry of South Carolina into that union, and from South Carolina’s point of view, the mutual obligations of the central government and the states, which the Carolinians believed was abrogated by 14 of the union states. And what did those 14 states do to South Carolina, to, in their view, break the compact that held the union together? They stopped sending back their slaves. Don’t take it from me, take it from the “Declarations of Causes of Seceding States: Declaration of the Immediate Causes Which Induce and Justify the Secession of South Carolina from the Federal Union,” written by C. G. Memminger:

We hold that the Government thus established is subject to the two great principles asserted in the Declaration of Independence; and we hold further, that the mode of its formation subjects it to a third fundamental principle, namely: the law of compact. We maintain that in every compact between two or more parties, the obligation is mutual; that the failure of one of the contracting parties to perform a material part of the agreement, entirely releases the obligation of the other; and that where no arbiter is provided, each party is remitted to his own judgment to determine the fact of failure, with all its consequences.

In the present case, that fact is established with certainty. We assert that fourteen of the States have deliberately refused, for years past, to fulfill their constitutional obligations, and we refer to their own Statutes for the proof.

The Constitution of the United States, in its fourth Article, provides as follows: “No person held to service or labor in one State, under the laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in consequence of any law or regulation therein, be discharged from such service or labor, but shall be delivered up, on claim of the party to whom such service or labor may be due.”

This stipulation was so material to the compact, that without it that compact would not have been made. The greater number of the contracting parties held slaves, and they had previously evinced their estimate of the value of such a stipulation by making it a condition in the Ordinance for the government of the territory ceded by Virginia, which now composes the States north of the Ohio River.

The same article of the Constitution stipulates also for rendition by the several States of fugitives from justice from the other States.

The General Government, as the common agent, passed laws to carry into effect these stipulations of the States. For many years these laws were executed. But an increasing hostility on the part of the non-slaveholding States to the institution of slavery, has led to a disregard of their obligations, and the laws of the General Government have ceased to effect the objects of the Constitution. The States of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New York, Pennsylvania, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Wisconsin and Iowa, have enacted laws which either nullify the Acts of Congress or render useless any attempt to execute them. In many of these States the fugitive is discharged from service or labor claimed, and in none of them has the State Government complied with the stipulation made in the Constitution. The State of New Jersey, at an early day, passed a law in conformity with her constitutional obligation; but the current of anti-slavery feeling has led her more recently to enact laws which render inoperative the remedies provided by her own law and by the laws of Congress. In the State of New York even the right of transit for a slave has been denied by her tribunals; and the States of Ohio and Iowa have refused to surrender to justice fugitives charged with murder, and with inciting servile insurrection in the State of Virginia. Thus the constituted compact has been deliberately broken and disregarded by the non-slaveholding States, and the consequence follows that South Carolina is released from her obligation.

The ends for which the Constitution was framed are declared by itself to be “to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity.”

These ends it endeavored to accomplish by a Federal Government, in which each State was recognized as an equal, and had separate control over its own institutions. The right of property in slaves was recognized by giving to free persons distinct political rights, by giving them the right to represent, and burthening them with direct taxes for three-fifths of their slaves; by authorizing the importation of slaves for twenty years; and by stipulating for the rendition of fugitives from labor.

We affirm that these ends for which this Government was instituted have been defeated, and the Government itself has been made destructive of them by the action of the non-slaveholding States. Those States have assume the right of deciding upon the propriety of our domestic institutions; and have denied the rights of property established in fifteen of the States and recognized by the Constitution; they have denounced as sinful the institution of slavery; they have permitted open establishment among them of societies, whose avowed object is to disturb the peace and to eloign the property of the citizens of other States. They have encouraged and assisted thousands of our slaves to leave their homes; and those who remain, have been incited by emissaries, books and pictures to servile insurrection.

For twenty-five years this agitation has been steadily increasing, until it has now secured to its aid the power of the common Government. Observing the forms of the Constitution, a sectional party has found within that Article establishing the Executive Department, the means of subverting the Constitution itself. A geographical line has been drawn across the Union, and all the States north of that line have united in the election of a man to the high office of President of the United States, whose opinions and purposes are hostile to slavery. He is to be entrusted with the administration of the common Government, because he has declared that that “Government cannot endure permanently half slave, half free,” and that the public mind must rest in the belief that slavery is in the course of ultimate extinction.

This sectional combination for the submersion of the Constitution, has been aided in some of the States by elevating to citizenship, persons who, by the supreme law of the land, are incapable of becoming citizens; and their votes have been used to inaugurate a new policy, hostile to the South, and destructive of its beliefs and safety.

On the 4th day of March next, this party will take possession of the Government. It has announced that the South shall be excluded from the common territory, that the judicial tribunals shall be made sectional, and that a war must be waged against slavery until it shall cease throughout the United States.

The guaranties of the Constitution will then no longer exist; the equal rights of the States will be lost. The slaveholding States will no longer have the power of self-government, or self-protection, and the Federal Government will have become their enemy.

Sectional interest and animosity will deepen the irritation, and all hope of remedy is rendered vain, by the fact that public opinion at the North has invested a great political error with the sanction of more erroneous religious belief.

We, therefore, the People of South Carolina, by our delegates in Convention assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions, have solemnly declared that the Union heretofore existing between this State and the other States of North America, is dissolved, and that the State of South Carolina has resumed her position among the nations of the world, as a separate and independent State; with full power to levy war, conclude peace, contract alliances, establish commerce, and to do all other acts and things which independent States may of right do.

Adopted December 24, 1860

There is, I should note, nothing more to South Carolina’s declaration. Nothing about central banks, as Ron Paul suggests. Nothing about liberty. The only reason — the only one — why South Carolina became the first of the confederate states to secede, and the only reason the others followed, is to preserve what they saw as their God-given right to own slaves.

Let’s go to Mississippi, which got right to the point in their declaration of the causes for secession:

In the momentous step which our State has taken of dissolving its connection with the government of which we so long formed a part, it is but just that we should declare the prominent reasons which have induced our course.

Our position is thoroughly identified with the institution of slavery– the greatest material interest of the world. Its labor supplies the product which constitutes by far the largest and most important portions of commerce of the earth. These products are peculiar to the climate verging on the tropical regions, and by an imperious law of nature, none but the black race can bear exposure to the tropical sun. These products have become necessities of the world, and a blow at slavery is a blow at commerce and civilization. That blow has been long aimed at the institution, and was at the point of reaching its consummation. There was no choice left us but submission to the mandates of abolition, or a dissolution of the Union, whose principles had been subverted to work out our ruin.

That we do not overstate the dangers to our institution, a reference to a few facts will sufficiently prove.

The hostility to this institution commenced before the adoption of the Constitution, and was manifested in the well-known Ordinance of 1787, in regard to the Northwestern Territory.

The feeling increased, until, in 1819-20, it deprived the South of more than half the vast territory acquired from France.

The same hostility dismembered Texas and seized upon all the territory acquired from Mexico.

It has grown until it denies the right of property in slaves, and refuses protection to that right on the high seas, in the Territories, and wherever the government of the United States had jurisdiction.

It refuses the admission of new slave States into the Union, and seeks to extinguish it by confining it within its present limits, denying the power of expansion.

It tramples the original equality of the South under foot.

It has nullified the Fugitive Slave Law in almost every free State in the Union, and has utterly broken the compact which our fathers pledged their faith to maintain.

It advocates negro equality, socially and politically, and promotes insurrection and incendiarism in our midst.

It has enlisted its press, its pulpit and its schools against us, until the whole popular mind of the North is excited and inflamed with prejudice.

It has made combinations and formed associations to carry out its schemes of emancipation in the States and wherever else slavery exists. …

… and of course there are the words of the confederacy’s president and vice president, who made it quite clear that the reason for quitting the union was … say it with me now … slavery:

..if I had not believed there was justifiable cause; if I had thought that Mississippi was acting without sufficient provocation, or without an existing necessity, I should still… because of my allegiance to the State… have been bound by her action. I, however, may be permitted to say that I do think she has justifiable cause, and I approve of her act.

I conferred with her people before that act was taken, counseled them then that if the state of things which they apprehended should exist when the convention met, they should take the action which they have now adopted…

It has been a conviction of pressing necessity, it has been a belief that we are to be deprived in the Union of the rights which our fathers bequeathed to us, which has brought Mississippi into her present decision. She has heard proclaimed the theory that all men are created free and equal, and this made the basis of an attack upon her social institutions [i.e., slavery]; and the sacred Declaration of Independence has been invoked to maintain the position of the equality of the races. [Jefferson Davis]

and:

But not to be tedious in enumerating the numerous changes for the better, allow me to allude to one other though last, not least. The new constitution has put at rest, forever, all the agitating questions relating to our peculiar institution African slavery as it exists amongst us the proper status of the negro in our form of civilization. This was the immediate cause of the late rupture and present revolution. [confederate vice president Alexander H. Stephens]

But don’t let facts get in the way of Ron Paul, who reiterated his “just buy the slaves” idea in a 2009 interview with (sigh) D.L. Hughley, who (sigh) … thought it was a fantastic idea:

<iframe allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen" frameborder="0" height="246" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/CigdTwwO7-I" width="425"></iframe>

Jesus … wheel …


Worse Than FailureSketchy Skechers.com

Imagine yourself as an eager, young developer. After many long months of self-study, you’ve carefully honed your craft and have skillfully mastered virtually all development technologies from enterprisey to hipster. Your twelve-page résumé could land you a job anywhere, and as it would happen, the job you decided to take was at a highfalutin consultancy filled with like-minded developers who were almost as skilled as you.

You and you cohorts could build anything. Literally, anything: a software cure for cancer; a software cure engine that could dynamically load cure plug-ins at runtime to cure anything; or even a software engine factory that could dynamically create engines that could dynamically load plug-ins that could do anything.

And as it so happened, your virtually unbounded skillset was desperately needed to solve an otherwise unsolvable problem: build skechers.com. The requirements for the shoe company’s website were mind-bogglingly complex: retrieve product information from some enterprisey ERP system, format it prettily on the web, and let people place orders online.

Although no one in the history of software development had ever undertaken a project of such scale, you were prepared for anything. In fact, even before hearing what the website would be for, you had already spec’d-out the architecture: use XML-based XSL to transform server-generated XML into XHTML and JavaScript.

Hopefully now you can appreciate the mindset that the developer(s) of Skechers’ website must have had. Their masterpiece can be seen by a simple view-source of skechers.com:

That’s the XML data sent by the server when visiting http://skechers.com/. Your browser then spends a bit of time transforming into HTML and JavaScript using the following XSL:

While the idea of building a website like this in XML and then transforming it using XSL is absurd in and of itself, digging through the code is a treasure trove of WTF. I’m sure there are at least three levels of Hell that are more pleasant than having to maintain this JavaScript-generating XSL code:

 <script type="text/javascript">
	var skxProduct = {}; var skxStyle = '<xsl:value-of select="$style/@code"/>';
	<xsl:for-each select="$style/product">
	  skxProduct['<xsl:value-of select="@color"/>'] = {
	  color: '<xsl:value-of select="@primary-color"/><xsl:if test="@secondary-color">
		/ <xsl:value-of select="@secondary-color"/>
	  </xsl:if>',
	  images: [
	  <xsl:for-each select="media">

		<xsl:sort data-type="number" select="@view"/>
		<xsl:if test="position() &lt; 7">
		  '<xsl:value-of select="@image"/>'
		  <xsl:if test="position() != 7">,</xsl:if>
		</xsl:if>
	  </xsl:for-each>
	  ],
	  inventory: [
	  <xsl:for-each select="sku">
		<xsl:sort data-type="number" select="@pos"/>

		{
		size: '<xsl:value-of select="@size"/>',
		<xsl:if test="@type">
		  type: '<xsl:value-of select="@type"/>',
		</xsl:if>
		stock: '<xsl:value-of select="@in-stock"/>',
		<xsl:if test="@disc">
		  disc: '<xsl:value-of select="@disc"/>',
		</xsl:if>
		price: '<xsl:value-of select="@price"/>',
		upc: '<xsl:value-of select="@upc"/>'
		}
		<xsl:if test="position() != last()">,</xsl:if>

	  </xsl:for-each>
	  ]
	  };
	</xsl:for-each>
  </script>

I shudder at the thought of how labyrinthine the server-side code generating this must be.

I’ve preserved (well, after some indentation/formatting) some of the files for posterity. Just right-click download, then view in your favorite text editor for best experience.

I’m sure there’s plenty more fun examples to be found at all levels of skechers.com; feel free to share them in the comments or send them to me if you think they’d deserve an article of their own.


Planet DebianAigars Mahinovs: Zombies. Wait, don’t run away, yet …

I never got the craze for the zombie this and zombie that. I saw the premise as thinner than vampire storyline which in my book only had a good day with Buffy franchise. But then I got Kindle and run out of stuff to read and decided to pick up something less lively and more shambling. And you know what I found – there are a few great books hiding behind the ‘zombie’ label.

I read them in the worng order, so to help you guys out, here is the way I would recommend to check out if the zombie genre is interesting to you:

Start with World War Z: An Oral History of the Zombie War. It is written as a historical book documenting the memories of people that have survived the world wide zombie apocalipse is a series of escalating short stories. This is a perfect bathroom or bus reading. Each story focuses on how people react (or fail to react) to a radical change in their environment. Zombies are a tool to expose the human condition for this book.

The next you could read (or you could even skip this if it get a bit boring for you) is The Zombie Survival Guide: Complete Protection from the Living Dead – this is a problem solving book, it basically takes a problem (“ZOMBIES!”) a goal (“I want to survive!”) and describes the logical steps needed to reach the goal in the context of the problem. It is very educational on the issue of problem solving, especially with unusual problems. But it can get boring for people – if so, don’t give up, but just skip this book for now and move on the the best of them all …

The third is a trilogy, two books are already published, the third is coming soon – first books is Feed (Newsflesh, Book 1) and the second is Deadline (Newsflesh, Book 2). This is a rare gem of modern literature. Basically this is a book set in the world long time after a zombie outbreak (with a good reason why and how it happened) where people have already lived a few decades with the problema and the kids are very used to it. So the book is written from a perspective of a young woman and her brother, who were born after Rising and are now into one of the most dangerous profession – journalism. :) Early on they become the first bloggers to be picked to follow a presidential election campagn (book was written before Obama campaign really took off) and it only get wilder from there.

I really liked these books. So much so, that I will now explore the other zombie fiction books to see if there possibly is something good there as well. Any recommendations?

Planet Linux AustraliaJames Purser: Sigh, so that happened

So two things happened today.

The first was a near riot that necessitated the evacuation of the Prime Minister and the Opposition leader from an awards ceremony meant to highlight the work of emergency workers.

The second was WIN Television blowing it again.

If you haven't caught up on the events today then I heres a brief timeline I've put together from various sources:

  • Earlier today in Sydney, Tony Abbott made comments indicating that he thought it was "time to move on" from the thinking that led to the Aboroginal Tent Embassy being set up forty years ago.
  • Tony Abbott travels to Canberra to attend the awarding of the inaugeral National Emergency Medal along with the Prime Minister.
  • People at the Tent Embassy hear of Tony Abbotts comments and are, it could be said, greatly miffed. They are then told that he is actually in Canberra, not far from the Tent Embassy itself.
  • A number of people decide that they're going express their anger at the Opposition Leader and Prime Minister. They surround the restuaraunt, a glass walled building and start yelling and slamming on the glass.
  • Police are called and the Prime Ministers security detail advises her that the situation is getting dangerous and that she should leave. The PM agrees and also indicates that they should escort the Opposition Leader as well, as he doesn't have his own security detail.
  • The PM and Opposition leader are rushed out of the building surrounded by the biggest scrum of security personel. The PM trips on the way out and it appears the opposition leader is helped along by the security personel via the method of grabbing his belt and pushing.

That's it in a nutshell I think. I've probably missed something but that's what I've managed to pull out of the media.

Needless to say as I watched the tweets fly by with all sorts of claims and details (the original tweets I had seen claimed that the PM had been crash tackled by a protester), I waited for any sign that the MSM had picked up the story. It didn't take long for the papers to run with it, and the TV networks at least squeezing in an extra news bulletin to cover the basic details.

Well, most of the networks.

WIN Television's Wollongong station couldn't even be bothered following channel 9 by putting on an extra news bulletin after Wriddhiman Saha lost his wicket. Instead WIN simply continued on with it's pre-planned ads and it wasn't until it broadcast the 9 news bulletin at 6pm that the news finally reached the airwaves.

I basically have three things to say:

To Tony Abbott, on this day of days, a day which a large part of the indigenous community views as the day they started losing their rights, to suggest that perhaps the Tent Embassy wasn't needed was either a dog whistle of epic proportions, or simply a case of shoving both feet in at the speed of sound.

Oh and as for the snide little raised eye brows and snark when Gillard offered to remove you from the situation, that just makes you look like a petulant little child.

To the protesters, you did yourself and your cause no favours today. You managed to rise to the bait and make yourselves look like a rabble. And getting cute by offering to give the PM back her shoe tomorrow if she comes by the Embassy just really doesn't help.

Finally, to WIN Television. Convergance is coming, and it's not going to be nice to those who aren't ready for it. You've known about this for years now, unless you start doing something soon, you will be left behind.

Anyway, that was  my Australia day, how was yours?

Blog Catagories: 

Planet DebianBastian Venthur: Helping awstats to correctly interpret lighttpd’s log format

Note to self:

when configuring awstats using lighttpd logfiles, you have to use the following log format:

LogFormat="%host %virtualname %logname %time1 %methodurl %code %bytesd %refererquot %uaquot"

neighter 1 nor 4 will work correctly.

Planet Linux AustraliaMichael Still: Shadow of a Dark Queen




ISBN: 9780006480266
LibraryThing
I read this book before LCA 2012, but never had a chance to mention it here. It was the first return to Midkemia for me since I read the Krondor's Sons books. This book is set a lot later, and there is very little reuse of characters between The Riftwar Saga or even Krondor's Sons. The only real overlap is the presence of Pug briefly. This book over does its "dirty dozen" aspects, with much of the book focusing on the military training of criminals. The rest of the book feels like a rushed military adventure in a far land, and could have done with some more attention. However, the book isn't terrible, and I thought it was ok overall.

Tags for this post: book raymond_e_feist midkemia combat crime fantasy sword_and_sorcery
Related posts: Daughter of the Empire; The King's Buccaneer; Servant of the Empire; The Riftwar Series; Silverthorn; A Darkness at Sethanon; Mistress of the Empire; Prince of the Blood; Magician: Master; Magician: Apprentice; Raymond E Feist's Empire Trilogy; Polar City Blues; The Stainless Steel Rat Sings The Blues; Dawnspell: The Bristling Wood; Caves of Steel; Currency; Tipping point: windscreen washers; You Can Be The Stainless Steel Rat; Belgarath the Sorcerer; The Adventures of the Stainless Steel Rat; Mona Lisa Overdrive
Comment Recommend a book

Planet DebianRuss Allbery: Do symbols files make sense for C++?

I also posted this to debian-devel, which is where the discussion will be, but I wanted to post it on my journal as well so that others who may be interested will see it on Planet Debian. For those not familiar with Debian, this concerns the implications of a new feature for how Debian tracks shared library dependencies.

I'm currently working on the Policy modification to document (and recommend) use of symbols instead of shlibs, but I'd only personally used symbols with C libraries. Today I decided that I should try adding a symbols file to a C++ library, particularly if I'm going to recommend everyone do it. I tried this exercise with xml-security-c, which is, I think, a reasonably typical C++ library. Not the sort of core C++ library that would sit at the center of the distribution, but a random software package that's in Debian because other things use it.

The experience was rather interesting, and I ended up uploading the new version without a symbols file and continuing to just use shlibs. That's for the following reasons:

  1. The generated symbols file was HUGE. Hundreds of lines. This is a marked difference from the typical C symbols file, which is of quite manageable size. Some of that is that the library provides a lot of different classes, but some of it is that C++ just generates a lot of exported symbols. There's no way that I could do what I would do with a C library and understand those symbols, why they're there, and whether they are likely to have changed between revisions.

  2. Generating a reasonable symbols file was a pain. Generating an unreasonable symbols file that just contains all of the mangled symbols is largely mechanical and uninteresting, but that symbols file doesn't seem to me to convey useful information. So I did some scripting to translate the symbols back with c++filt, and add (c++) tags, and then try to understand what I was looking at and figure out whether I should sort the symbols list because the default sort is by mangled name, which is meaningless. This is a rather unappealing process. It's not particularly difficult, but it's very awkward and feels like it's missing vital tools.

  3. The resulting symbols file is incomprehensible to someone without strong knowledge of C++. It's full of opaque entries that don't make sense to the non-C++ programmer, which I suspect is a substantial number of people who package C++ libraries for Debian. I know enough C++ from school that I can evaluate security fixes, make simple patches, and review upstream changes, and I think that's all that should be needed to package things for Debian. But I'm deeply uncomfortable producing a symbols file on my own that contains entries for things that I know nothing about and cannot evaluate when they've last changed, like "non-virtual thunk to FooClass::~FooClass@Base".

  4. Once I had a symbols file that resulted in a successful build and that I could have uploaded, I started thinking about how I was going to maintain it. With a C program, I would change the symbols file versions when the underlying function implementation changes in a way that may not offer eqiuvalence, similar to bumping shlibs. I realized that I was going to have no idea when that happened, and the only way that I would maintain the symbols file would be to either trust upstream to maintain ABI equivalence and therefore only change the symbols file when upstream changes the SONAME, or not trust upstream to maintain ABI equivalence and therefore change all the versions with each new upstream release. That gives me exactly the same semantics as a shlibs file, so what's the point in having a symbols file?

  5. The exported symbols of the library contained many symbols that obviously weren't really from that library, but instead were artifacts of the C++ compilation process, things like instantiations of std::vector. Do those go into the symbols file? Do they change from architecture to architecture? If they disappear again, is that actually an ABI break? How do I know? It's all very mysterious, and while shlibs provides the same semantics as just ignoring this, at least I'm not then including in the package data, generated by me, things that I'm just blindly ignoring.

I came away from this experience thinking that I should revise the Policy amendment to say that symbols files are really for C libraries and for C++ libraries with either a tightly maintained symbol export list or maintained by a C++ expert, and that most C++ library maintainers should just not bother with this and use shlibs, bumping the shlibs version or not based on their impression of how good upstream is at maintaining ABI equivalence.

But that feels like a result contrary to what I had previously thought was the intended direction, so I wanted to ask the Debian development community as a whole: am I missing something? Are these symbols files actually useful? Am I missing some trick to make them useful?

Planet LCAQotD: Jon Corbet on linux.conf.au and Linux Australia

In summary, LCA remains unique in its combination of strongly technical talks, freedom-oriented and hands-on orientation, wide variety of topics covered, and infectious Australian humor. There is a reason some of us seem to end up there every year despite the painful air-travel experiences required. Linux Australia has put together a structure that allows the conference to be handed off to a new team in a new city every year, bringing a fresh view while upholding the standards set in the previous years.

– LWN’s Jon Corbet on linux.conf.au, An LCA 2012 Summary

Planet DebianMJ Ray: Phones, Privacy and Co-ops

And now a slightly longer than usual rant: The problem with the o2 network disclosing mobile browsers’ phone numbers that I repeated 2 days ago (and it appeared on our co-op website) snowballed yesterday to the point that it was on the short bulletins from ITN, BBC, IRN… and probably many more. And then o2 fixed it. Good!

The reply claims that it’s only since 10th January which is rather at odds with other claims that it has been happening since at least March 2010 in some situations.

I started buying from o2 in December. I was using Three, but their network where I stay in Norfolk isn’t reliable and you can’t just buy a device in a shop for The Phone Co-op. The dongle from o2 is a recent Huawei USB device that just worked in debian and was fairly easy for me to get working in Ubuntu. There’s space in it for a memory card, so maybe I could boot from it… but that’s an idea for later.

The o2 deal is OK but not great, and the included wifi is nowhere near as good as it looked: when it says it includes “BT Openzone” that doesn’t include any of the “BT Openzone-H” hotspots that are much more common. You’re only allowed to register one device for wifi, so no using your phone, tablet and laptop at different times!

I can’t believe it’s legal to advertise that as “unlimited wifi”, but o2 is still a better offer than access to “BT Openzone-H” hotspots at £39/month (yes, that’s the price for wifi-only…).

Ultimately, I think the problem is that there’s a rubbish choice of mobile (wifi or 3G) internet access providers in the UK. It’s a completely and utterly failed market, so you need to use Virtual Private Networks and similar tricks to protect yourself from the dysfunctional networks. My VPN meant my mobile number was safe: how about yours?

As luck would have it, I had already proposed a resolution about protecting customer privacy to The Phone Co-op (affiliate link) for our AGM on Saturday 4 February (if you’re a member, let me know). We were trying to find a compromise wording and I don’t think this little o2 scandal has hurt my proposal at all!

At least the phone co-op’s mobile service is based on Orange’s network, which wasn’t affected. How does your network perform? There’s an Internet Service Provider evilness test which might tell you.

Planet Linux AustraliaLeon Brooks: DeVeDe on Perfect Pangolin

This currently seems a little confused about the version numbering of the libblah-extra-number packages, so...

apt-get --ignore-hold install devede libavcodec-extra-53 libavdevice-extra-53 libavfilter-extra-2 libavutil-extra-51 libavformat-extra-53 libpostproc-extra-52 libswscale-extra-2
apt-get download libav-tools
apt-get download ffmpeg
apt-get download devede
dpkg -i --force-depends-version libav-tools_0.8-1ubuntu1_i386.deb
dpkg -i --force-depends-version ffmpeg_0.8-1ubuntu1_all.deb
dpkg -i --force-depends-version devede_3.21.0-0ubuntu2_all.deb

Planet DebianJoey Hess: announcing github-backup

Partly as a followup to a Github survey, and partly because I had a free evening and the need to write more haskell code, any haskell code, I present to you, github-backup.

github-backup is a simple tool you run in a git repository you cloned from Github. It backs up everything Github knows about the repository, including other forks, issues, comments, milestones, pull requests, and watchers.

This is all stored in the repository, as regular files, on a "github" branch.

Available in Cabal now, in Debian maybe if someone packages haskell-github.

Planet Linux AustraliaDonna Benjamin: Congratulations Colin Benjamin - and Thank you

I have ambivalence about Australia Day - and the often unquestioned celebration of an invasion of Australia at the expense of the indigenous nations who made this continent their home. But Australia Day has also become an opportunity to celebrate the contributions of today's citizens.

I'm excited and honoured to see my dad, Colin Benjamin, in today's honours lists "for service to the community through roles with social welfare organisations, and to business". He follows in the footsteps of my grandfather, Eric Benjamin, who was awarded the same medal in 1988 "in recognition of service to social welfare".

Ruth and Eric, my grandparents, were refugees. They came to Australia with assisted passage aboard the TSS Jervis Bay, escaping Europe and the rise of fascism before the start of World War II. They were incredibly lucky. Most other members of their families did not survive the war. Eric's mother and sister ended up in Sobibor, his father ended up in the Polish Ghetto at Lodz.

Ruth was arrested and spent months in solitary confinement, before being transferred to the Moringen concentration camp. She was released and fled to the Netherlands, which is where she met Eric. They married and headed to Australia, and were watched by our security agencies. I don't know what happened to the rest of her family in Europe, except her brother survived, only to die in the spanish civil war. At university I had the opportunity to create a short video documentary about her.

Service to the community. Seem such simple, innocuous words. When we give safe harbour to people fleeing persecution and war, we give them a chance to make a difference to their new world. Our new world, Australia, has benefited from the efforts of these people. So while we must acknowledge the wrong done to the indigenous peoples of the great southern continent, we should also speak out against those who seek to demonise refugees and asylum seekers - who also come on boats, as my grandparents did.

Dad sometimes talks about "degrees of freedom" and the role entrepreneurship and business plays in people having control over their lives. When society has a systemic bias against you and your circumstances, or institutionalises barriers for your personal advancement and freedom, then creating your own work is crucial.

Thanks Dad!

Here's the citation.

MEDAL (OAM) OF THE ORDER OF AUSTRALIA IN THE GENERAL DIVISION

Dr COLIN BENJAMIN
For service to the community through roles with social welfare organisations, and to business.

Director-General, ‘Life. Be in it’ International, since 1993; Director, from 1983.
Co-Chairman, ‘Life. Be in it’ Australia Ltd, since 2007.
Director, ‘Life. Be in it’ Health Promotion Institute, 2011.

Director, Victoria Branch, Australian Association of Social Workers, since 2011.
Founder and Chairman, Australian Register of Counsellors and Psychotherapists, 2009-2010.
Former Chief Executive Officer, Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation of Australia, 2007-2010.
Member, Association of Professional Futurists.
Federal President, Australian Social Welfare Union, 1976.
Federal President, Australian Association of Social Workers, 1975.

Executive Director, Victorian Council of Social Service, 1973-1975.
Director of Education and Welfare, City of Sunshine, 1969-1972.
Senior Social Worker, Sunbury Mental Hospital, 1966-1969.

Deputy Director-General, Department of Employment and Training, Victoria, 1980-1982.
Director of Regional Services, Department of Community Welfare Services, 1977-1979.
Director of Research and Social Policy, Department of Social Welfare, 1975-1976.

Chairman, Marshall Place Associates, since 2004.
Chief Executive Officer, The Horizons Network, since 1990.
Director, Futures Division, Ogilvy and Mather Worldwide, 1983-1989.

Planet SAGE-AULinks January 2012

Cops in Tennessee routinely steal cash from citizens [1]. They are ordered to do so and in some cases their salary is paid from the cash that they take. So they have a good reason to imagine that any large sum of money is drug money and take it.

David Frum wrote an insightful article for NY Mag about the problems with the US Republican Party [2].

TreeHugger.com has an interesting article about eco-friendly features on some modern cruise ships [3].

Dan Walsh describes how to get the RSA SecureID PAM module working on a SE Linux system [4]. It’s interesting that RSA was telling everyone to turn off SE Linux and shipping a program that was falsely marked as needing an executable stack and which uses netstat instead of /dev/urandom for entropy. Really the only way RSA could do worse could be to fall victim to an Advanced Persistent Attack… :-#

The Long Now has an interesting summary of a presentation about archive.org [5]. I never realised the range of things that archive.org stores, I will have to explore that if I find some spare time!

Jonah Lehrer wrote a detailed and informative article about the way that American high school students receive head injuries playing football[6]. He suggests that it might eventually be the end of the game as we know it.

François Marier wrote an informative article about optimising PNG files [7], optipng is apparently the best option at the moment but it doesn’t do everything you might want.

Helen Keeble wrote an interesting review of Twilight [8]. The most noteworthy thing about it IMHO is that she tries to understand teenage girls who like the books and movies. Trying to understand young people is quite rare.

Jon Masters wrote a critique of the concept of citizen journalism and described how he has two subscriptions to the NYT as a way of donating to support quality journalism [9]. The only comment on his post indicates a desire for biased news (such as Fox) which shows the reason why most US media is failing at journalism.

Luis von Ahn gave an interesting TED talk about crowd-sourced translation [10]. He starts by describing CAPTCHAs and the way that his company ReCAPTCHA provides the CAPTCHA service while also using people’s time to digitise books. Then he describes his online translation service and language education system DuoLingo which allows people to learn a second language for free while translating text between languages [11]. One of the benefits of this is that people don’t have to pay to learn a new language and thus poor people can learn other languages – great for people in developing countries that want to learn first-world languages! DuoLingo is in a beta phase at the moment but they are taking some volunteers.

Cory Doctorow wrote an insightful article for the Publishers Weekly titles “Copyrights vs Human Rights” [12] which is primarily about SOPA.

Naomi Wolf wrote an insightful article for The Guardian about the “Occupy” movement, among other things the highest levels of the US government are using the DHS as part of the crackdown [13]. Naomi’s claim is that the right-wing and government attacks on the Occupy movement are due to the fact that they want to reform the political process and prevent corruption.

John Bohannon gave an interesting and entertaining TED talk about using dance as part of a presentation [14]. He gave an example of using dancerts to illustrate some concepts related to physics and then spoke about the waste of PowerPoint.

Joe Sabia gave an amusing and inspiring TED talk about the technology of storytelling [15]. He gave the presentation with live actions on his iPad to match his words, a difficult task to perform successfully.

Thomas Koch wrote an informative post about some of the issues related to binary distribution of software [16]. I think the problem is evenm worse than Thomas describes.

Related posts:

  1. Links January 2011 Halla Tomasdottir gave an interesting TED talk about her financial...
  2. Links January 2010 Magnus Larsson gave an interesting TED talk about using bacteria...
  3. Links January 2009 Jennifer 8 Lee gave an interesting TED talk about the...

Planet Linux AustraliaPeter Lieverdink: Amateurish Astronomy

... in which I log my astronomickal adventures around linux.conf.au in Ballaarat. Verily.

Monday 16 January 2012

On monday evening I was invited to a property about an hour north of Ballarat to do some observing from a hill-top in an area without (much) light pollution. The evening was perfect and much was to be seen even without any optical augmentation. M45, the milky way, the coal sack & magellanic clouds were perfectly visible with the naked eye. Sadly the southern cross was pretty low on the horizon.

I'm happy to say the winning entry in the LCA photo competition was taken at this place :-)

Photo by David Basden

Photo by David Basden, showing the milky way, coal sack and small magellanic cloud.

I took a series of photos of the Orion nebula, but haven't had the time to try some of the photo stacking apps with them yet.

Thursday 19 January 2012

Weather and drinkingsocial engagements didn't really allow for much in the way of observation until thursday night, when I dragged my scope out onto the cricket field on campus. It was pretty late, so we didn't managed to see Venus before it disappeared behind the treeline.

Conditions were less than ideal, with flood lights on the other end of the field messing with night vision and a cold southwestern blowing in cloud and causing dew. I got a cold. (Achievement unlocked!)

Photo by David Basden

Photo by David Basden.

Still, Jupiter and the Orion nebula were blingy enough to be able to see through my scope and they duly impressed some of the gathered. One other person (self confessed noob, never used scope) brought a 6" motorised schmidt-cassegrain scope and we managed to successfully align it via Jupiter, Betelgeuse and Sirius then and found various things to look at through holes in the cloud cover.

We played a bit with the various eyepiece sizes when looking at Jupiter, but cloud made the image hazy-ish regardless.  I am now in envy of a motorised scope :-)  We also spotted about 5 sattelites zooming along, one of which passed directly in front of Jupiter and was observed through both scopes simultaneously, so I'll call that a confirmed sighting!

I became a lot more adept at aligning the scope and generally managed to get what it was I wanted to look at into view within a few minutes or so. Except the horse head nebula, that is. I could not for the life of me even find Alnitak that evening!

However, it turns out that with a Celestron 130 you can easily see Jupiter through a layer of cloud, though not in focus.

As we packed up and walked back, the cloud cover disappeared. (Achievement unlocked!)

Friday 20 January 2012

On Friday, an LCA organiser kindly offered me a reserved spot on the Ballarat Observatory tour, which I of course accepted. There was come scattered cloud when we arrived, but the observatory volunteers managed to get everyone to catch a glimpse of Jupiter and its moons through the Oddie and Federation telescopes.

As cloud rolled in (Achievement unlocked!) we were ushered inside for a few 3D videos, which worked about half the time for me but made me squint quite badly. They were a bit daggy for the LCA geek audience, but considering the goal of the observatory and the intended audience I think they're alright.

James Oddie telescope

Still, I didn't feel like squinting uncomfortably for an hour so I nicked off out the back and stood around outside for a little while, getting a short tour of the Jelbart telescope from one of the volunteers. As that concluded, I noticed the cloud cover had completely disappeared and everyone was still inside, watching the videos.

I snuck off to the Oddie telescope and had it to myself for a good 20 minutes. I now have giant 80" telescope envy as well :-)  I did some eyeballing of Jupiter and the Orion nebula and found that my own telescope is really badly in need of collimation. The Oddie, on the other hand was wonderfully sharp, and the bands on Jupiter were lovely and well-defined.

The other finished their video at that point and discovered the sky was clear, so they came up and had a sticky-beak around the sky, before being ushered back on the bus and driven back to the campus. I drove myself up, so hung around the observatory for a little while afterward, deflecting attempts by the volunteers to have me provide free IT support for Windows XP (Achievement unlocked!)

We had a quick look at the Rosette nebula before packing up the Oddie and closing the roof. On the way out, a member of the observatory beckoned us to have a look through his telescope, in which the two main components of α-Crucis were separately visible. Lovely :-)

What next?

There are a few things I would like to do to make observing with my own telescope a more enjoyable experience.

  • Collimate the telescope properly (well, need not want)
  • Obtain more varied eyepieces, as I currently only have two
  • Obtain some filters, as I have none
  • Obtain a motorised mount, to aid photographing faint objects
  • Obtain a higher magnification barlow lens for the camera adapter, but this is useless without the motorised mount or proper collimation
  • Obtain a spotting scope to aid aiming the telescope
  • Obtain a focuser with finer control

Advertising

If you're interested in amateur astronomy and don't want to go overboard on investing time and energy and obsessing over it, or use don't want to webforums to connect with others or use web forums at all, join the skyeballing mailing list.

Planet Linux AustraliaJames Purser: On Bogans and Racism

So, last night I got into one of those twitter arguments that I tend to (I have a bad case of "Someones wrong on the Internet").

In this case it was triggered by the following tweet:

Redglitterx: how do you know if youre an elitist, smug, over-priviledged racist? you make bogan jokes

Now, if you're not sure what a bogan joke is, a bogan is a name for someone who is considered ill-educated, with low income and not only ignorant, but revelling in their ignorance. As you may have noticed, this is actually a stereotype, a cardboard cutout that people use to mentally slot a group of people into the social heirachy. In this way, calling someone a bogan is very much LIKE racism.

However I have never considered the term itself to be racist.

This may be one of those cases where a term is whatever anyone wants it to be, but I really think that it doesn't help anyone to try and conflate anti-boganism with racism. If nothing else, "bogans" don't face the same extreme issues as those who suffer from racism. Bogans are not likely to be physically attacked because they are bogans, there is not a continual low level campaign by large sections of the media to seperate them out from the rest of the population, and let's be honest, there is a hell of a lot of government policy that is aimed at placating and winning the votes of those who might be called bogan.

As I said at the beginning, calling someone a bogan is like racism in that you are using a stereotype to mentally sort that person, just like calling someone an eastern sububs nancy boy, or a north shore soccer mum.

January 25, 2012

Planet DebianPhil Hands: The future arrived

... a week ago, in the shape of Alexandra Daphne Scholz, my enchanting daughter.

A proud father shows the world his adorable 6 day old daughter

She seems to have inherited my hairstyle.

Gundemarie Scholz (my wife) and she are both doing remarkably well, to the extent that they both keep surprising medical staff with their rapid progress.

For those of you that care about such things: She was 2.9kg (6lb 6oz) at birth, and 49cm (1'7") tall ... or should that be "long", given that she's not doing so much standing up as yet? What she is doing is sleeping, breast feeding, and excreting ... rather a lot.

Between times, it's mostly gurgling cheerfully, looking around at the world, and attempting to study her own hands -- I find her completely fascinating.

That being the case, don't expect anything very sensible out of me for the foreseeable future (so no change there, eh? ;-) )

and because I cannot resist the urge, here are a few more snaps of her:

Alexandra in the Neonatal unit, having a well earned nap when a day old Alexandra in the Neonatal unit, looking around at the world Alexandra snuggled up in bed this morning

As you can see, at only one day old, it seems that she'd already managed to get hold of the Amulet of Yendor, and was having a well earned nap ;-)

Planet SAGE-AUIt's Australia Day!

w00t!!!
Best country in the world (OK, so I'm slightly biased).

Planet DebianBartosz Feński: Sentelic touchpad

With the latest changes in driver for Sentelic touchpad I’m eventually able to use two-finger scrolling, and disable touchpad while typing.

Middle-button emulation and on pad click & drag doesn’t work yet, though. Edge scrolling either.

Anyway it starts to be really usable and there is some progress to merge this driver with mainline kernel.

I believe last time I was compiling kernel was around 2.4.18 and only because at that time I was maintaining router for some network and needed some special iptables extensions. Happily it hasn’t changed too much since then and I can compile 3.2.1 without problem ;)

Rondam RamblingsYes, you can make money without exploiting the poor, but...

I was (briefly) a guest on a BBC World Service radio program this morning discussing Obama's state of the union speech and income inequality in general. To my mind, this has always been a no-brainer. My argument is: we've done this experiment (of lowering taxes on the rich) twice now, once in the 1920's and again in the 1980's (and doubled-down in 2000). We have also done the control

Planet DebianPetter Reinholdtsen: Setting up a new school with Debian Edu/Squeeze

The next version of Debian Edu / Skolelinux will include a new tool sitesummary2ldapdhcp, which can be used to quickly set up all the computers in a school without much manual labour. Here is a short summary on how to use it to set up a new school.

First, install a combined Main Server and Thin Client Server as the central server in the network. Next, PXE boot all the client machines as thin clients and wait 5 minutes after the last client booted to allow the clients to report their existence to the central server. When this is done, log on to the central server and run sitesummary2ldapdhcp in the konsole to use the collected information to generate system objects in LDAP. The output will look similar to this:

% sitesummary2ldapdhcp 
info: Updating machine tjener.intern [10.0.2.2] id ether-00:01:02:03:04:05.
info: Create GOsa machine for auto-mac-00-01-02-03-04-06 [10.0.16.20] id ether-00:01:02:03:04:06.

Enter password if you want to activate these changes, and ^c to abort.

Connecting to LDAP as cn=admin,ou=ldap-access,dc=skole,dc=skolelinux,dc=no
enter password: *******
% 

After providing the LDAP administrative password (the same as the root password set during installation), the LDAP database will be populated with system objects for each PXE booted machine with automatically generated names. The final step to set up the school is then to log into GOsa, the web based user, group and system administration system to change system names, add systems to the correct host groups and finally enable DHCP and DNS for the systems. All clients that should be used as diskless workstations should be added to the workstation-hosts group. After this is done, all computers can be booted again via PXE and get their assigned names and group based configuration automatically.

We plan to release beta3 with the updated version of this feature enabled this weekend. You might want to give it a try.

Planet DebianBartosz Feński: Cracow against ACTA

Wow… that’s really big demonstration.
I’ve just uploaded video with people walking near Wawel castle… plenty of people during almost 20 minutes.
I suppose there was more than 50k people and wonder what’s going to be shown in TV ;)

I really like it.

CryptogramSupreme Court Rules that GPS Tracking Requires a Warrant

The U.S Supreme Court has ruled that the police cannot attach a GPS tracking device to a car without a warrant.

EDITED TO ADD (1/26): It seems I was wrong when I said that the ruling forces the police to get a warrant before placing a GPS tracking device on a car. The ruling is much more complicated and nuanced.

TEDNew TED Book asks: can changing how we teach make our kids smarter, more creative?

Ten years ago, educator Sugata Mitra and his colleagues cracked open a hole in a wall bordering an urban slum in New Delhi, installed a networked PC, and left it there for the local children to freely explore. What they quickly saw in their ‘Hole in the Wall’ experiment was that kids from one of the most desperately poor areas of the world could, without instruction, quickly learn how the PC operated. The children also freely collaborated, exploring the world of high-tech online connectivity with ease. The experiment (which provided the inspiration for the Oscar-winning film Slumdog Millionaire) was the dawning of Mitra’s introduction to self-organized learning, and it would shape the next decade of his research. Beyond the Hole in the Wall: Discover the Power of Self-Organized Learning is an important update to Mitra’s groundbreaking work, and offers new research and ideas that show how self-directed learning can make kids smarter and more creative. Mitra provides step-by-step instruction on how to integrate it into any classroom. and the book includes a foreword by Nicholas Negroponte, founder of both MIT’s Media Lab and the One Laptop per Child Association.. Beyond The Hole in the Wall offers important lessons that could reshape our schools and reinvigorate our educational system. We recently spoke with Mitra about his ideas.

What is self-organized learning?
In most schools, we measure children on what they know. By and large, they have to memorize the content of whatever test is coming up. Because measuring the results of rote learning is easy, rote prevails. What kids know is just not important in comparison with whether they can think.

Self-organized learning is a process where children in groups take on a topic or question which they then research using the Internet. While doing it, they have myriad discussions with each other that deepen their understanding of the answer. Along the way, there is no adult supervision or guidance of any sort.

How is this form of learning better?
Experiments show that children in unsupervised groups are capable of answering questions many years ahead of the material they’re learning in school. In fact, they seem to enjoy the absence of adult supervision, and they are very confident of finding the right answer. Ultimately, they retain the learning effortlessly and for years, much longer than what we see with rote memorization of facts and figures.

What are the barriers that stand in the way of its widespread adoption?
The existing Victorian system of education was created to mass-produce identical human beings, mainly to serve an aristocracy, and, in modern times, an industrial elite. Governments find it difficult to move away from this model, because it has worked. But in a tech-driven knowledge economy this method is not needed anymore, and it will not serve us. But too often we see that teachers and educational administrators feel threatened by self-organized learning. They, therefore, think it is not learning at all.

Does the idea of self-organized learning work better with today’s child, who is often highly wired and making a wide range of online choices each day?
Yes, it does. Right now, we have a generation of children 16 years old or younger who have never known a world without many of the connecting technologies that we take for granted and rely on heavily. How do these devices affect, and even improve, how we absorb information? Self-organized learning would not work at all without the Internet. Educationists have suggested this type of instruction as a method for years, but the resources were not there until recently. Now, with the Internet, we have the means and the capabilities to watch self-organized learning flourish. It’s a very exciting time.

Beyond the Hole in the Wall: Discover the Power of Self-Organized Learning is part of the TED Books series, which is available for the Kindle and Nook as well as on Apple’s iBookstore.


Sociological ImagesThe Marilyn Meme

Originally posted at Shameless.

Marilyn Monroe is often held up as the antidote to the idea that only thin can be beautiful. “Marilyn was a size 10/12/14,” goes a common refrain (though sizing basically means nothing these days, so what does that even prove?). There have been a couple Marilyn Monroe memes floating around Facebook in the past couple months, and both are troubling. The focus is on Marilyn’s curves, and how her swimsuit clad body is different from what movie stars look like today (oh, the tyranny of the “Best Beach Bodies!” issue). What’s supposed to be an empowering message to women – you don’t have to be a Victoria’s Secret model to be beautiful – is completely undermined by two much older memes: divide and conquer and the male gaze.

In the first photo, Marilyn is compared to another woman in a bikini, who is much thinner. The text reads: “This [pointing to Monroe] is more attractive than this [pointing to the other woman].” While I can totally get behind the title “fuck society,” and add “and its stupid expectations” for good measure, there’s nothing anti-establishment about what’s being done here. This is a common tactic, in which women are pitted against each other, so that we lose sight of the real problem: namely, society. If women are fighting amongst ourselves about who is more “beautiful,” if we compare ourselves to other women endlessly, we don’t have time to notice that we’re trapped in a hamster-wheel of low self-esteem. Society hopes that you’ll buy things, to try and make yourself feel better. In the meantime, it’s hoped that we as women won’t critically examine what beauty is, what’s being sold to us, and most importantly, who profits from all this. Fuck Society, sure, because society tells you that if you’re not extremely thin, you’re worthless. However, extremely thin women? They’re still people. Further, bodies are just bodies. They have no intrinsic worth, no moral value, other than what we assign them. The thought behind this comparison photo is to turn the dominant paradigm on its head, but what it really does is reinforce that for one woman to be good, another must be bad. And that kind of thinking isn’t going to get us anywhere.

The second is the same photo of Marilyn, this time alone in the Motivational Poster style. The text reads: “PROOF: That you can be adored by thousands of men, even when your thighs touch.” From the start this would seem like a better message. No comparison photo, no pitting women against each other. For some reason, though, this photo troubles and angers me more than the first one does. Because here’s the thing: you are worth more than what men think of you. Marilyn Monroe was, to put it mildly, very sad, very often. She was a sex symbol, and thus, stopped existing as human being, a regular girl. Almost everything that fucked up Marilyn’s later life had to do with being “adored” by men. Men used her, or deified her (and that’s a hard come-down for those dudes when they found a human being in their bed the morning after). Political brothers purportedly passed her around like a toy. Conventional wisdom, political conspiracy aside, has it that Monroe killed herself. Being “adored by thousands of men” didn’t stop her demons from consuming her. It angers me to no end that, again, in the name of self-esteem we’re going to make a poster girl (literally) out of a woman who was notoriously down on herself.

I want very much for us to stop thinking that there is only one body type that is acceptable. I would prefer the focus be on health, rather than appearance. The Monroe Meme seems about the furthest thing from healthy. This is a woman who abused alcohol and sleeping pills later in her life, this is a woman who (probably) died due to depression. But, hey, as long as someone thinks she looks good, I guess that’s what matters.

——————————

Heather Cromarty has written for The Walrus Blog, and writes about books and bookish miscellany at In The Midst of Life, We Are in Debt, Etc. Follow her on Twitter: @la_panique.

If you would like to write a post for Sociological Images, please see our Guidelines for Guest Bloggers.

(View original at http://thesocietypages.org/socimages)

Sociological ImagesShareholders vs. Stakeholders

Cross-posted at Montclair SocioBlog.

Mitt Romney’s capitalism has come under attack – from fellow Republicans, of all people.  They’re pummeling him for his work at Bain Capital, his private equity firm.  “Private equity” became the term of choice when “leveraged buyout” acquired a connotation of nastiness, probably because many LBOs were in fact nasty affairs (“hostile” takeovers).

Romney is tall and good-looking with a full head of hair.  He speaks with no noticeable regional accent.  Danny DeVito is a photo negative of all that.  But as Lawrence Garfield,* a.k.a. Larry the Liquidator in “Other People’s Money” DeVito does a much better job in making the case for what Mitt did at Bain Capital.**  (The original title for this post was “Defending Private Equity – the Short Version.”)

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Bain sometimes made money by bankrupting the companies it took over.  That’s creative destruction for you – first the destruction, then creation.    As Larry the Liquidator puts it***:

 You invested in a business and this business is dead. Let’s have the intelligence, let’s have the decency to sign the death certificate, collect the insurance, and invest in something with a future. . .
Take the money. Invest it somewhere else. Maybe, maybe you’ll get lucky and it’ll be used productively. And if it is, you’ll create new jobs and provide a service for the economy and, God forbid, even make a few bucks for yourselves.

Romney’s critics talk about the people put out of work, the towns and communities eviscerated.  That’s where Garfield/Romney are on shakier ground.

“Ah, but we can’t,” goes the prayer. “We can’t because we have responsibility, a responsibility to our employees, to our community. What will happen to them?” I got two words for that – “Who cares?”

Larry the Liquidator is raising the issue of shareholders vs. stakeholders.  Stakeholders are all those people who are affected by a corporation.  To attract corporations, local governments sometimes offer goodies like tax breaks, regulation breaks, and even bagfuls of cash.  The localities defend these deals by saying that they will be good for the whole town, particularly for those who become employees or who sell goods and services to the corporation.  These people and the town generally will be stakeholders.  They all have a stake in the success of the corporation.

Corporations too often talk the stakeholder talk.  But when times get tough, they talk the shareholder talk – the talk that Larry does so well. And they walk the shareholder walk.  They walk out of town with the money from the sale of the company’s assets.

All this has implications for issues of trust, implications much too broad and deep for a simple blog post.  See this 1988 article by Andrei Schleifer and Larry Summers, “Breach of Trust in Hostile Takeovers.”

————————

* Romney is a Mormon.  Larry Garfield is of no specified religion, though we can assume he is not a Mormon.  In the original play, he was Larry Garfinkle. For Hollywood purposes he became Garfield, just as did actor John Garfinkle.

** Conservapedia, as I’m sure Drek knows, rated “Other People’s Money” as one of the twenty greatest conservative movies.

*** For a transcript of Larry’s speech go here.  The original stage play is by Jerry Sterner, the screenplay by Alvin (Three Spidermans) Sargent.  I don’t know how much credit each gets for this speech.

 Big hat tip to Ezra Klein for the material here.

(View original at http://thesocietypages.org/socimages)

Planet Linux AustraliaSridhar Dhanapalan: Twitter Weekly Updates for 2012-01-25

Sociological ImagesProtesting Censorship Online: Technology and Knowledge

Last Wednesday, January 20 18, over 7000 websites participated in a massive protest opposing bills H.R. 3261, the Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA) and S. 968, the PROTECT IP Act (PIPA). While these bills aimed to curb online piracy, many fear that they also pave the way for widespread internet censorship. Although consideration of SOPA and PIPA has now been “postponed,” the bills and the protests raise the issue of who has the authority to control access to knowledge. The different visual and technological ways that websites protested SOPA and PIPA demonstrate the importance we as a culture place on unfettered access to information. In imagining what a censored internet might be like, the protests also show how much the medium — in this case, technology — shapes our individual and collective knowledge and what kind of a threat censorship would be. In additional to concerns about free speech and access to information, the protests also remind us how many profitable businesses are based on assumptions that those things will remain uncensored.

Many sites (such as Craigslist, Pinterest, and icanhascheezburger, screencaps below) took a traditional web protest approach by posting informational messages encouraging visitors to take action against the bills:

Other websites (Wordpress, Wired, Google), along with Facebook status updates and Tweets, visually depicted what internet censorship would look like. This kind of protest is particularly visually powerful — stark black blocks out the text, making the message unreadable:

Facebook:

Twitter:

Others shut down altogether (like Wikipedia, Reddit, MoveOn, and Mozilla), essentially removing their website’s resources and information for 24 hours:

Many of us are fortunate to take for granted open, easy access to information, including open access to everything on the internet (though the continued existence of a digital divide makes such information more available to some than others, and school districts routinely censor online content for students). The protests of SOPA and PIPA illustrate how much we rely on technology for access to information by raising important questions about what censorship would mean for access to knowledge. Seemingly boundless information is at the tips of our fingers everywhere we go:

(Via Shoebox Blog.)

As the cartoon shows, our knowledge is shaped by what medium is physically available to us for seeking new information. Students in my classes can’t fathom a time when they couldn’t look up any bit of information they needed on Google.  They can’t imagine the way I used to do research for a school paper– by consulting my family’s dusty encyclopedia set, or heading down to the library. Though their experience is physically removed from the research librarian’s desk, they have access to much more information than I ever did in my local library. The protests against SOPA and PIPA — the website outages and blacked out texts — make real the idea that if the internet were censored, our avenues for learning would shrink.

(View original at http://thesocietypages.org/socimages)

Geek FeminismWednesday Geek Woman: Esther Orozco, cell biologist and politician

This is a guest post by Cecilia Vargas, a retired software developer living in Vancouver, Canada.

Esther Orozco is a Mexican cell biologist, winner of the 1997 Pasteur medal, and a 2006 laureate of the L’Oréal-UNESCO Awards for Women in Science.

Esther Orozco was born and raised in a small rural town in northern Mexico, where she became a school teacher. I admire her because she overcame all the social expectations for women that exist in such conservative environments and became a successful scientist. She also found time to raise 2 kids. In 1998 she ran for governor of Chihuahua state, Mexico. Last year she became president of the Autonomous University of Mexico City.

The UNESCO/Pasteur medal is awarded by UNESCO and the Paster Institute for “outstanding research contributing to a beneficial impact on human health and to the advancement of scientific knowledge in related fields such as medicine, fermentations, agriculture and food.”

Orozco received the L’Oréal-UNESCO award for her discovery of the mechanisms and control of infections by amoebas in the tropics.

Creative Commons License
This post is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.

Want to highlight a geek woman? Submissions are currently open for Wednesday Geek Woman posts.

Planet DebianPietro Abate: new thinkpad x220

This summer my beloved thinkpad x301 died in a cloud of smoke. It was exactly 3 years and 20 days old while my warranty was valid only for 3 years. Now, don't tell me this is a coincidence. Anyway. After about 5 months, I finally managed to convince my employer to get me a new thinkpad, the x220. My specs includes a 128G SSD , 4G of RAM, 2.4Gz processor, camera and fingerprint reader.

It's a pity that the x300 series is not in production anymore. They were light, with a solid battery and a large screen. The X1 just don't cut it. Even though it can be consider the successor of the x300, its battery life is just not enough for my needs. On the other hand, the x220 is a very nice machine : the screen is a bit smaller then the X300, but it is light, with a very powerful processor, good battery and it feels very solid. In my opinion lenovo should have packed the new hw of the x220 in the chassis of the x300, maybe with small compromise on the battery life (I got the big battery and I can squeeze almost 7 hs with a single charge) but clearly this was not a good business choice...

Installing debian on this laptop is not immediate because none of the official debian installers are shipped with a recent kernel (as in 3.x series). Since with the official debian installer I cannot have neither the driver for the Ethernet card or the driver for the wirelles card, I opted to use a custom installer built by kmuto (http://kmuto.jp/debian/d-i/ ) . Using this installer the ethernet card is recognized immediately and it's easy to proceed with the installation as usual. Another option would have been to add the binary blog for the wireless chip, but apparently the deb installer supports only WEP auth, while all my access point are WPA. I didn't spend too much time on the wireless setup, so it might well be that is indeed possible to install using a WPA access point.

Last time I installed a laptop, I used the automatic partition option to have lvm on top of a lucks encrypted partition, only to discover later that the default dimensions of the partitions were a bit too small for me. For example, by default the boot partition is only 256Mb. This is plenty if you want to have only one kernel image installed at each given time, but if you want more then one kernel, memtest and for example a grml rescue iso, it's easy to run out of space.

So I proceed to manually partition the disc creating a boot partition of 512M, and using the rest as a luks encrypted device with lvm on top and 3 logical volumes : sys (15G), swap (4G) and home (the rest). For my daily use having 15G on my laptop for /usr, /var, etc should more the enough...

Next step was to install the system. Since in recent times I got extremely pissed off with gnome 3, I've decided to dump it completely and go back to awesome. But since awesome all by itself is a bit sad, I paired it up with xfce. Everything works, except the automount, and I'm still trying to figure out how to make it work. Apparently is a consolkit problem... I'll write another post about the xfce4 + awsome setup soon...

Today I've also started playing with the finger print reader. It seems working, but I haven't managed yet to use it in conjunction with pam for authentication ... more to come.

And... On last closing remark : during the last 5 months I've used a dell latitude e6410 ... Gosh. I feel I'm on anther planet. The keyboard of a thinkpad give you pleasure, not pain, from 2 to 4G of RAM is a big jump and from a conventional HD to a SSD ... well... it seems I'm flyinggggg :) I've the impression my productivity just went up 50% !!!

If you work with your laptop everyday get a good laptop. It is well worth the investment ...

Charles StrossChecking out ...

I'm 12 hours from getting on a plane (the first of three) in the direction of sunny, tropical Colorado Springs. This weekend, I'm guest of honour at COSine; thereafter ... well, I'll post my convention program and my subsequent itinerary on Thursday (assuming all flights go well). Play nice, and give a warm welcome to our new guest blogger, Cat Valente!

CryptogramResearch into an Information Security Risk Rating

The NSF is funding research on giving organizations information-security risk ratings, similar to credit ratings for individuals:

Existing risk management techniques are based on annual audits and only provide a snapshot of a partner's security posture. However, new vulnerabilities are discovered everyday and the industry needs a solution that enables a business to continuously monitor changing risk posture of all its partners and proactively manage assumed risks. The Phase II research objective is to build a scalable fully-automated ratings system. The research will focus on identifying and incorporating new data sources, improving the statistical properties of the ratings model, and making the ratings predictive of future behavior.

Historically, credit scoring has been a "cost and time-saving technology" that has provided tremendous value to lenders and borrowers alike by reducing costs, predicting future performance, and improving credit accessibility and affordability. Unlike credit scoring, no industry standard scoring service exists to rate business with respect to their information security risk. With Saperix's ratings service, businesses and government will have the potential to reap the same time and cost savings that lenders do from credit scoring services. If the research is successful, Saperix's solution would provide market incentives for improving security outcomes, which would be a significant change in how security investments are viewed by businesses.

I have no idea if this is snake oil or if it actually works, but note that this is a Phase II award. There was already a Phase I award, and the NSF must have liked the results from that.

Planet Linux AustraliaJeremy Visser: LeoStick with seven-segment display

In my LCA2012 schwag bag I got a LeoStick from Freetronics.

I’m hopelessly bad at electronics, but I managed to wire it up to a seven-segment LED display from an electronics kit I used to use as a kid.

Using just a few lines of C++ (or whatever the heck the language is that Arduino uses — I haven’t fully worked it out ;-) ) results in this video (and scroll down for the code):

Watch video

/*
LED segment mappings
Note that this is specific to the way I wired it
This will be different for you!
 
Top          = 0x01
Top left     = 0x02
Bottom left  = 0x04
Bottom       = 0x08
Top right    = 0x10
Middle       = 0x20
Bottom right = 0x40
Dot          = 0x80
*/
 
/* here we combine the above segments to produce a complete digit */
unsigned char digits[] = {
  0x5F, /* zero  */
  0x50, /* one   */
  0x3D, /* two   */
  0x79, /* three */
  0x72, /* four  */
  0x6B, /* five  */
  0x6F, /* six   */
  0x51, /* seven */
  0x7F, /* eight */
  0x7B  /* nine  */
};
 
void display_digit(unsigned char d)
{
  int i;
 
  /* examine each bit and determine if segment needs to be lit */
  for (i=0; i<8; i++) {
    digitalWrite(i, (d >> i & 0x01 == 0x01) ? HIGH : LOW); 
  }
}
 
void setup()
{
  int i;
 
  /* set pins 0-7 to output */
  for (i=0; i<8; i++) {
    pinMode(i, OUTPUT);
  }
 
  /* show all segments on bootup */
  display_digit(0xFF);
  delay(1000);
}
 
void loop()
{
  int i;
 
  /* display each digit one by one */
  for (i=0; i<10; i++) {
    display_digit(digits[i]);
    delay(500);
  }
}

Any tips on optimising the above code? Being fairly crap at C–like languages, and with no knowledge of the ATmega32U4 processor, I have no idea how efficient the bit shifting is (in the display_digit() function).

Planet SAGE-AUSE Linux Status in Debian 2012-01

Since my last SE Linux in Debian status report [1] there have been some significant changes.

Policy

Last year I reported that the policy wasn’t very usable, on the 18th of January I uploaded version 2:2.20110726-2 of the policy packages that fixes many bugs. The policy should now be usable by most people for desktop operations and as a server. Part of the delay was that I wanted to include support for systemd, but as my work on systemd proceeded slowly and others didn’t contribute policy I could use I gave up and just released it. Systemd is still a priority for me and I plan to use it on all my systems when Wheezy is released.

Kernel

Some time between Debian kernel 3.0.0-2 and 3.1.0-1 support for an upstream change to the security module configuration was incorporated. Instead of using selinux=1 on the kernel command line to enable SE Linux support the kernel option is security=selinux. This change allows people to boot with security=tomoyo or security=apparmor if they wish. No support for Smack though.

As the kernel silently ignores command line parameters that it doesn’t understand so there is no harm in having both selinux=1 and security=selinux on both older and newer kernels. So version 0.5.0 of selinux-basics now adds both kernel command-line options to GRUB configuration when selinux-activate is run. Also when the package is upgraded it will search for selinux=1 in the GRUB configuration and if it’s there it will add security=selinux. This will give users the functionality that they expect, systems which have SE Linux activated will keep running SE Linux after a kernel upgrade or downgrade! Prior to updating selinux-basics systems running Debian/Unstable won’t work with SE Linux.

As an aside the postinst file for selinux-basics was last changed in 2006 (thanks Erich Schubert). This package is part of the new design of SE Linux in Debian and some bits of it haven’t needed to be changed for 6 years! SE Linux isn’t a new thing, it’s been in production for a long time.

Audit

While the audit daemon isn’t strictly a part of SE Linux (each can be used without the other) it seems that most of the time they are used together (in Debian at least). I have prepared a NMU of the new upstream version of audit and uploaded it to delayed/7. I want to get everything related to SE Linux up to date or at least with comparable versions to Fedora. Also I sent some of the Debian patches for the auditd upstream which should reduce the maintenance effort in future.

Libraries

There have been some NMUs of libraries that are part of SE Linux. Due to a combination of having confidence in the people doing the NMUs and not having much spare time I have let them go through without review. I’m sure that I will notice soon enough if they don’t work, my test systems exercise enough SE Linux functionality that it would be difficult to break things without me noticing.

Play Machine

I am now preparing a new SE Linux “Play Machine” running Debian/Unstable. I wore my Play Machine shirt at LCA so I’ve got to get one going again soon. This is a good exercise of the strict features of SE Linux policy, I’ve found some bugs which need to be fixed. Running Play Machines really helps improve the overall quality of SE Linux.

Related posts:

  1. Status of SE Linux in Debian LCA 2009 This morning I gave a talk at the Security mini-conf...
  2. SE Linux in Debian I have now got a Debian Xen domU running the...
  3. Debian SE Linux Status At the moment I’ve got more time to work on...

Planet DebianJon Dowland: Music for Our Future

cover

In 2010, a collaboration between the SyFy channel, Create Digital Music, XLR8R and Pitchfork created "Music for our Future": a compilation album of free music inspired by the TV show "Caprica".

XLR8R hosted it but their page for the release has subsequently disappeared. A few people here and there on the 'net have been asking for a copy, so here it is on archive.org: http://www.archive.org/details/MusicForOurFuture.

Some background info, photos etc. via CDM.

Insight 10The Sharkoon X-Tatic True 5.1 Surround Sound Gaming Headset

Sharkoon X-Tatic Digital

Note: This is a guest post from the writers at karaokemachineguide.com

Sharkoon X-Tatic True 5.1 - Gaming is a great hobby, but it’s getting increasingly expensive with each year. In order to keep up with your competition, you need to have the right peripherals and upgrades for your home computer. That means new peripherals being added to your routine and the necessity to stretch your budget in order to buy them. It’s nice to find an option that serves various purposes in one package to ultimately save you money in the long run. That’s exactly what the Sharkoon X-Tatic provides, and it comes from one of the best headset manufacturers in the business. Sharkoon has built up a loyal fan base of PC and console gamers thanks to quality products that provide great value for your money.

When it comes to gaming, you need a headset that combines quality sound with flawless communication. Anything less might mean instant death on any virtual battleground these days. When people from around the world are using the best equipment at their disposal, you have to fight fire with fire. Users of the Sharkoon X-Tatic experience the advantage of customizable sound and quality chat features to make sure you’re in tune with every moment of the action.

Four speakers in each earpiece and Dolby Digital 5.1 capabilities give you an immersive sound experience that takes your gaming to a whole new level. It’s not just about visuals these days with your favorite games, you have to be able to hear each and every detail in order to crush your competition. There’s the ability to use provided pre-sets to get into the action right away, but veterans will also appreciate the ability to add a healthy amount of customization. You can fine-tune different elements to concentrate on the most essential sounds while filtering out those that don’t matter.

When it comes to chat functions, both the Xbox live and PS3 networks are fully supported. You’ll be able to coordinate with teammates seamlessly while trash talking your competition at the same time. Volume is auto-adjusted so that you won’t find yourself shouting into your microphone, and independent controls along the headset cord give you full access to master volume and mute functions. And since this is a non-wireless product, you don’t have to worry about lag or deterioration in performance commonly associated with wireless products.

Sharkoon X-Tatic Digital speakers

The true value in the Sharkoon X-Tatic lies in your ability to use it for so many purposes. Obviously its primary function is as a gaming headset, and it can be used across all major consoles and your PC. The sound control unit is easily connected to every major console (PS2, PS3, XBOX, and XBOX 360) and the optical output is also compatible with your PC. Even more, you can connect it easily to a DVD player, regular stereo system, or any other hi-fi device that could benefit from enhanced sound. All you have to do is attach the microphone and you’ve turned the product into a great set of headphones for television. And when it comes to home computing, you can use it for chat over Skype or text dictation as well. It works wonderfully with a program like Dragon NaturallySpeaking to give you a hands-off approach to basic operations or writing.

Depending on the time of year, you can find this product retailing for around $150. While that might seem expensive for some, keep in mind you’re getting a multipurpose headset with a multitude of practical purposes. When you add in a lightweight design perfect for longer gaming sessions, you have a total package that pays for itself. It can make everyday computing a lot easier and more importantly for hard-core gamers, it will turn you into a competitor to be feared whenever you log into your favorite multiplayer game.

The Sharkoon X-Tactic is the best gaming headset in its price category for non-wireless products. This review comes to us from our friends at the karaokemachine guide.com where you can find further product information on home audio equipment, karaoke machines, or standard wireless headphones for TV.

Planet Linux AustraliaMichael Still: Are you in a LUG? Do you want some promotional materials for LCA 2013?

Canberra was announced as the host for LCA 2013 at the close of LCA 2012. As part of that closing, we handed out postcards and laptop stickers to delegates. However, we deliberately had extra printed on the theory that groups like LUGs, university computer societies and so forth would be interested in having promotional materials for their groups. For those of you not lucky enough to attend the excellent LCA2012, the stickers looked like this:



And the postcards look like this:



All credit for the excellent art should go to the very capable Jenny Cox. So, if you're interested in having some stuff to hand out at your next LUG or computer society meeting, please drop us a line at contact@lca2013.linux.org.au. Don't forget to include the name of the group and a mailing address.

Tags for this post: conference lca2013 canberra promotion postcard sticker
Related posts: Scoble, I'll buy the damn book, just put your clothes back on; Two more weeks to go; In Canberra; Mont 24 hour race; Most novel traffic jam cause goes to... Canberra!; So, what on earth was I doing up at 4:30 am anyways?; What are we doing with the pets?; Electric shadows has a RSS feed!; Travel details so far; Frank Arrigo discovers Steve Walsh's free wireless; On a bunker kick; linux.conf.au Returns to Canberra in 2013; Calling Tate Needham, or, Hiring in Canberra; LCA weather; Back in Canberra again

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Planet Linux AustraliaPia Waugh: Moving on – the journey continues

Today is a complicated day. I’m both sad and excited in equal measure about what this year may hold in store.

I’m sad because this is my last day working for Senator Kate Lundy as her IT Policy Advisor and inhouse geek. Kate headhunted me almost 3 years ago at BarCamp Canberra, though we had known each other for a few years beforehand from when she was the Shadow Minister for IT. I was quite wary of going to work in a political office, but my curiosity about how the machine works combined with a desire to help make good tech policy and an immense amount of respect for Kate brought me into one of the most interesting, fun and challenging jobs I’ve ever had.

I particularly wanted to better understand the legislative and executive arms of government. How ideas turn into policy and policy into implementation. As a result, along with doing my job I’ve spent time researching the history of democracy, of Australian politics, of the ideological and historical premise of all the major Australian parties and the interaction between party politics and democracy over the years.  I’ve also spent time coming to understand some of the layout, responsibilities and challenges of a multi-tiered system of government.

I have learnt a great deal in this job about government, but also about human nature. Working in an electoral office gives one some insight to the difficulties faced by many, but also some insight to the challenge in maintaining a constructive and respectful dialogue. I think it is human nature to try to boil issues down to black and white. But we are essentially grey creatures with enormous complexity, and I think democracy is about finding ways to have a transparent, informed, respectful and constructive dialogue with all the people on complex policies and implementation, so governments can best implement the best policies for the communities they serve.

I have been lucky to work for a politician who is passionate and knowledgeable about technology and good policy. She has been a valuable teacher and mentor. I shall always be thankful for the wisdom, patience, compassion, critical thinking, strategy and policy development I have learnt in this role and from Kate. I’m sure these skills will continue to serve me well.

My work on Kate’s website, the Public Spheres, Open Government, assisting Kate in linking together different tech policies across a variety of portfolios are all things I am proud of. I also feel very lucky to have met and worked with such inspirational people from many different walks of life through this role and in Kate’s office.

Meanwhile, having developed some understanding of the legislative and executive arms of government, I realised that I wanted to have more experience in the administrative arm of government. I had done some tech work in a previous life within departments but always as the outsourced person. I knew I wanted to really get in and contribute to the public service, as well as learn more about the implementation of policy and the delivery of government services to citizens.

As such, I’m excited to say I am hopefully moving into a role in the APS in the coming weeks and I hope my efforts there will be broadly useful to others in the APS. I can’t say more at this stage as it is being finalised at the moment, but I’ll update this post in the weeks ahead with more information.

By working within the APS, I hope to get a better personal understanding of the specific challenges facing the APS with regards to technology, and hopefully assist in developing strategies to be a more agile, responsive and citizen-centric public service. I will also continue helping to move the Open Government agenda ahead both in my own time and, where appropriate, within my new role. My commitment to Open Government (and Gov 2.0) lies in my understanding that it provides a path to a public service and democracy that is most relevant to, engaged with, responsive to, representative of and accountable to its citizens.

I’ll finish by saying that after three years in her office, my respect for Kate has only grown. She is a person who has engaged fully in her role with integrity, responsibility, grace and a firm grip on her own principles. She is a politician that makes me believe politics isn’t just a dirty word and I wish we had more like her. Even in spite of the fact the last time I socialised with her, I ended up with a fractured scaphoid! I have learnt a keen respect for the torque of a 2 stroke, especially on a motocross track.

My shiny black carbon fibre cast. Shiny!My shiny black carbon fibre cast. Shiny!

So, I’m diving into the deep end and I look forward to seeing how well I swim. Wish me luck :)

365 TomorrowsThe Trouble With Children

Author : Maria Coello

“The problem with sibes – the main problem with sibes – is that they won’t lie down when they’re dead,” Kirsten said three days ago, spitting bits of sausage across the dinner table. I ought to have told her years ago, of course, but it never seemed like the right moment. By the time it became an issue I didn’t know how she’d take the news. “Fuckers keep coming back for more. And then when you’ve shot them to bits, their mates come around and put them back together again, and they come right back at you.”

“That’s nice, dear,” I said vaguely. I never wanted her to join the cops, but after her father got killed by one of his own creations she seemed to want revenge. It’s not what he’d have wanted, but there’s no way I could make her understand that.

“Last night,” she continued, “me and Lenny were in a bar, you know, a metal poke joint. A sibe brothel.” She only said these things because she knew they’d upset me. I sometimes thought that she really hated me. “This fucking plastic prozzy came up to Lenny, trying it on. Lenny nearly puked. They say the things are supposed to look like us, but God knows who’d find that attractive. Anyway, we got the metal madam locked up and booked a couple of the punters. Some of the sibes got in the way. It’ll be a few weeks before they’re walking around dirtying up the place again.” She laughed. I’m not sure where my daughter picked up such repellent views. We were always such a moderate family and her father’s role in the CYBE program was important to him. I’d met my daughter’s partner Lenny; a tall tattooed Cro-Magnon with a bundle of second-hand prejudices where his brains should be. He and my daughter, though it shamed me to admit it, were quite well-suited.

“So anyway, Mom, tomorrow’s their stupid Kruppler day,” she got up from the table, sending crumbs all over the floor. “They’ll all be out on the streets, the disgusting bastards, demanding equal rights and all sorts of stupid shit like that. There’ll be trouble. I need some kip. Night.” She pecked me on the forehead and went up to her room, clearly relishing the prospect of ‘trouble’.

That was the last time I saw my daughter until today. I watched the Kruppler Riots on the news. I don’t pretend to be an expert, but it seems to me that if you create a bunch of, well, people, as intelligent as humans, and expect them to knuckle down and do the dirty jobs with no rights, no pay and no representation, you’re asking for trouble. And they got it that night. Lenny came round to the house afterwards, his cap in his stupid great hands. I almost laughed in his face when he told me my daughter was dead.

So now I’m here at the morgue. I always said I was going to tell my daughter one day. I ask the usher for some privacy.

There is good news and bad news, I tell her as I reactivate her. The good news is that you aren’t dead.

I hope she sees things my way eventually.

 

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The Reid ReportFull text: President Obama’s State of the Union speech

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Here is the full text of President Barack Obama’s State of the Union speech, in which he called for a “return to the American values of fair play and shared responsibility,” debuted a campaign theme that channeled Harry Truman or Ike with the rhetoric of a “fair shot” for all Americans, and called on Congress to send him legislation on the DREAM Act, ending corporate tax loopholes, ending insider trading in Congress and securing an up or down vote for judicial nominees. The speech ended with a flourish celebrating the Navy SEALS who took out Bin Laden, and calling for the nation to pull together and “get each other’s backs.” The speech was preceded by a touching moment, when the President joined members of the House in greeting Gabrielle Giffords.

Full text below:

Remarks of President Barack Obama – As Prepared for Delivery
State of the Union Address
“An America Built to Last”
Tuesday, January 24th, 2012
Washington, DC

As Prepared for Delivery –

Mr. Speaker, Mr. Vice President, members of Congress, distinguished guests, and fellow Americans:

Last month, I went to Andrews Air Force Base and welcomed home some of our last troops to serve in Iraq. Together, we offered a final, proud salute to the colors under which more than a million of our fellow citizens fought – and several thousand gave their lives.

We gather tonight knowing that this generation of heroes has made the United States safer and more respected around the world. For the first time in nine years, there are no Americans fighting in Iraq. For the first time in two decades, Osama bin Laden is not a threat to this country. Most of al Qaeda’s top lieutenants have been defeated. The Taliban’s momentum has been broken, and some troops in Afghanistan have begun to come home.

These achievements are a testament to the courage, selflessness, and teamwork of America’s Armed Forces. At a time when too many of our institutions have let us down, they exceed all expectations. They’re not consumed with personal ambition. They don’t obsess over their differences. They focus on the mission at hand. They work together.

Imagine what we could accomplish if we followed their example. Think about the America within our reach: A country that leads the world in educating its people. An America that attracts a new generation of high-tech manufacturing and high-paying jobs. A future where we’re in control of our own energy, and our security and prosperity aren’t so tied to unstable parts of the world. An economy built to last, where hard work pays off, and responsibility is rewarded.

We can do this. I know we can, because we’ve done it before. At the end of World War II, when another generation of heroes returned home from combat, they built the strongest economy and middle class the world has ever known. My grandfather, a veteran of Patton’s Army, got the chance to go to college on the GI Bill. My grandmother, who worked on a bomber assembly line, was part of a workforce that turned out the best products on Earth.

The two of them shared the optimism of a Nation that had triumphed over a depression and fascism. They understood they were part of something larger; that they were contributing to a story of success that every American had a chance to share – the basic American promise that if you worked hard, you could do well enough to raise a family, own a home, send your kids to college, and put a little away for retirement.

The defining issue of our time is how to keep that promise alive. No challenge is more urgent. No debate is more important. We can either settle for a country where a shrinking number of people do really well, while a growing number of Americans barely get by. Or we can restore an economy where everyone gets a fair shot, everyone does their fair share, and everyone plays by the same set of rules. What’s at stake are not Democratic values or Republican values, but American values. We have to reclaim them.

Let’s remember how we got here. Long before the recession, jobs and manufacturing began leaving our shores. Technology made businesses more efficient, but also made some jobs obsolete. Folks at the top saw their incomes rise like never before, but most hardworking Americans struggled with costs that were growing, paychecks that weren’t, and personal debt that kept piling up.

In 2008, the house of cards collapsed. We learned that mortgages had been sold to people who couldn’t afford or understand them. Banks had made huge bets and bonuses with other people’s money. Regulators had looked the other way, or didn’t have the authority to stop the bad behavior.

It was wrong. It was irresponsible. And it plunged our economy into a crisis that put millions out of work, saddled us with more debt, and left innocent, hard-working Americans holding the bag. In the six months before I took office, we lost nearly four million jobs. And we lost another four million before our policies were in full effect.

Those are the facts. But so are these. In the last 22 months, businesses have created more than three million jobs. Last year, they created the most jobs since 2005. American manufacturers are hiring again, creating jobs for the first time since the late 1990s. Together, we’ve agreed to cut the deficit by more than $2 trillion. And we’ve put in place new rules to hold Wall Street accountable, so a crisis like that never happens again.

The state of our Union is getting stronger. And we’ve come too far to turn back now. As long as I’m President, I will work with anyone in this chamber to build on this momentum. But I intend to fight obstruction with action, and I will oppose any effort to return to the very same policies that brought on this economic crisis in the first place.

No, we will not go back to an economy weakened by outsourcing, bad debt, and phony financial profits. Tonight, I want to speak about how we move forward, and lay out a blueprint for an economy that’s built to last – an economy built on American manufacturing, American energy, skills for American workers, and a renewal of American values.

This blueprint begins with American manufacturing.

On the day I took office, our auto industry was on the verge of collapse. Some even said we should let it die. With a million jobs at stake, I refused to let that happen. In exchange for help, we demanded responsibility. We got workers and automakers to settle their differences. We got the industry to retool and restructure. Today, General Motors is back on top as the world’s number one automaker. Chrysler has grown faster in the U.S. than any major car company. Ford is investing billions in U.S. plants and factories. And together, the entire industry added nearly 160,000 jobs.

We bet on American workers. We bet on American ingenuity. And tonight, the American auto industry is back.

What’s happening in Detroit can happen in other industries. It can happen in Cleveland and Pittsburgh and Raleigh. We can’t bring back every job that’s left our shores. But right now, it’s getting more expensive to do business in places like China. Meanwhile, America is more productive. A few weeks ago, the CEO of Master Lock told me that it now makes business sense for him to bring jobs back home. Today, for the first time in fifteen years, Master Lock’s unionized plant in Milwaukee is running at full capacity.

So we have a huge opportunity, at this moment, to bring manufacturing back. But we have to seize it. Tonight, my message to business leaders is simple: Ask yourselves what you can do to bring jobs back to your country, and your country will do everything we can to help you succeed.

We should start with our tax code. Right now, companies get tax breaks for moving jobs and profits overseas. Meanwhile, companies that choose to stay in America get hit with one of the highest tax rates in the world. It makes no sense, and everyone knows it.

So let’s change it. First, if you’re a business that wants to outsource jobs, you shouldn’t get a tax deduction for doing it. That money should be used to cover moving expenses for companies like Master Lock that decide to bring jobs home.

Second, no American company should be able to avoid paying its fair share of taxes by moving jobs and profits overseas. From now on, every multinational company should have to pay a basic minimum tax. And every penny should go towards lowering taxes for companies that choose to stay here and hire here.

Third, if you’re an American manufacturer, you should get a bigger tax cut. If you’re a high-tech manufacturer, we should double the tax deduction you get for making products here. And if you want to relocate in a community that was hit hard when a factory left town, you should get help financing a new plant, equipment, or training for new workers.

My message is simple. It’s time to stop rewarding businesses that ship jobs overseas, and start rewarding companies that create jobs right here in America. Send me these tax reforms, and I’ll sign them right away.

We’re also making it easier for American businesses to sell products all over the world. Two years ago, I set a goal of doubling U.S. exports over five years. With the bipartisan trade agreements I signed into law, we are on track to meet that goal – ahead of schedule. Soon, there will be millions of new customers for American goods in Panama, Colombia, and South Korea. Soon, there will be new cars on the streets of Seoul imported from Detroit, and Toledo, and Chicago.

I will go anywhere in the world to open new markets for American products. And I will not stand by when our competitors don’t play by the rules. We’ve brought trade cases against China at nearly twice the rate as the last administration – and it’s made a difference. Over a thousand Americans are working today because we stopped a surge in Chinese tires. But we need to do more. It’s not right when another country lets our movies, music, and software be pirated. It’s not fair when foreign manufacturers have a leg up on ours only because they’re heavily subsidized.

Tonight, I’m announcing the creation of a Trade Enforcement Unit that will be charged with investigating unfair trade practices in countries like China. There will be more inspections to prevent counterfeit or unsafe goods from crossing our borders. And this Congress should make sure that no foreign company has an advantage over American manufacturing when it comes to accessing finance or new markets like Russia. Our workers are the most productive on Earth, and if the playing field is level, I promise you – America will always win.

I also hear from many business leaders who want to hire in the United States but can’t find workers with the right skills. Growing industries in science and technology have twice as many openings as we have workers who can do the job. Think about that – openings at a time when millions of Americans are looking for work.

That’s inexcusable. And we know how to fix it.

Jackie Bray is a single mom from North Carolina who was laid off from her job as a mechanic. Then Siemens opened a gas turbine factory in Charlotte, and formed a partnership with Central Piedmont Community College. The company helped the college design courses in laser and robotics training. It paid Jackie’s tuition, then hired her to help operate their plant.

I want every American looking for work to have the same opportunity as Jackie did. Join me in a national commitment to train two million Americans with skills that will lead directly to a job. My Administration has already lined up more companies that want to help. Model partnerships between businesses like Siemens and community colleges in places like Charlotte, Orlando, and Louisville are up and running. Now you need to give more community colleges the resources they need to become community career centers – places that teach people skills that local businesses are looking for right now, from data management to high-tech manufacturing.

And I want to cut through the maze of confusing training programs, so that from now on, people like Jackie have one program, one website, and one place to go for all the information and help they need. It’s time to turn our unemployment system into a reemployment system that puts people to work.

These reforms will help people get jobs that are open today. But to prepare for the jobs of tomorrow, our commitment to skills and education has to start earlier.

For less than one percent of what our Nation spends on education each year, we’ve convinced nearly every State in the country to raise their standards for teaching and learning – the first time that’s happened in a generation.

But challenges remain. And we know how to solve them.

At a time when other countries are doubling down on education, tight budgets have forced States to lay off thousands of teachers. We know a good teacher can increase the lifetime income of a classroom by over $250,000. A great teacher can offer an escape from poverty to the child who dreams beyond his circumstance. Every person in this chamber can point to a teacher who changed the trajectory of their lives. Most teachers work tirelessly, with modest pay, sometimes digging into their own pocket for school supplies – just to make a difference.

Teachers matter. So instead of bashing them, or defending the status quo, let’s offer schools a deal. Give them the resources to keep good teachers on the job, and reward the best ones. In return, grant schools flexibility: To teach with creativity and passion; to stop teaching to the test; and to replace teachers who just aren’t helping kids learn.

We also know that when students aren’t allowed to walk away from their education, more of them walk the stage to get their diploma. So tonight, I call on every State to require that all students stay in high school until they graduate or turn eighteen.

When kids do graduate, the most daunting challenge can be the cost of college. At a time when Americans owe more in tuition debt than credit card debt, this Congress needs to stop the interest rates on student loans from doubling in July. Extend the tuition tax credit we started that saves middle-class families thousands of dollars. And give more young people the chance to earn their way through college by doubling the number of work-study jobs in the next five years.

Of course, it’s not enough for us to increase student aid. We can’t just keep subsidizing skyrocketing tuition; we’ll run out of money. States also need to do their part, by making higher education a higher priority in their budgets. And colleges and universities have to do their part by working to keep costs down. Recently, I spoke with a group of college presidents who’ve done just that. Some schools re-design courses to help students finish more quickly. Some use better technology. The point is, it’s possible. So let me put colleges and universities on notice: If you can’t stop tuition from going up, the funding you get from taxpayers will go down. Higher education can’t be a luxury – it’s an economic imperative that every family in America should be able to afford.

Let’s also remember that hundreds of thousands of talented, hardworking students in this country face another challenge: The fact that they aren’t yet American citizens. Many were brought here as small children, are American through and through, yet they live every day with the threat of deportation. Others came more recently, to study business and science and engineering, but as soon as they get their degree, we send them home to invent new products and create new jobs somewhere else.

That doesn’t make sense.

I believe as strongly as ever that we should take on illegal immigration. That’s why my Administration has put more boots on the border than ever before. That’s why there are fewer illegal crossings than when I took office.

The opponents of action are out of excuses. We should be working on comprehensive immigration reform right now. But if election-year politics keeps Congress from acting on a comprehensive plan, let’s at least agree to stop expelling responsible young people who want to staff our labs, start new businesses, and defend this country. Send me a law that gives them the chance to earn their citizenship. I will sign it right away.

You see, an economy built to last is one where we encourage the talent and ingenuity of every person in this country. That means women should earn equal pay for equal work. It means we should support everyone who’s willing to work; and every risk-taker and entrepreneur who aspires to become the next Steve Jobs.

After all, innovation is what America has always been about. Most new jobs are created in start-ups and small businesses. So let’s pass an agenda that helps them succeed. Tear down regulations that prevent aspiring entrepreneurs from getting the financing to grow. Expand tax relief to small businesses that are raising wages and creating good jobs. Both parties agree on these ideas. So put them in a bill, and get it on my desk this year.

Innovation also demands basic research. Today, the discoveries taking place in our federally-financed labs and universities could lead to new treatments that kill cancer cells but leave healthy ones untouched. New lightweight vests for cops and soldiers that can stop any bullet. Don’t gut these investments in our budget. Don’t let other countries win the race for the future. Support the same kind of research and innovation that led to the computer chip and the Internet; to new American jobs and new American industries.

Nowhere is the promise of innovation greater than in American-made energy. Over the last three years, we’ve opened millions of new acres for oil and gas exploration, and tonight, I’m directing my Administration to open more than 75 percent of our potential offshore oil and gas resources. Right now, American oil production is the highest that it’s been in eight years. That’s right – eight years. Not only that – last year, we relied less on foreign oil than in any of the past sixteen years.

But with only 2 percent of the world’s oil reserves, oil isn’t enough. This country needs an all-out, all-of-the-above strategy that develops every available source of American energy – a strategy that’s cleaner, cheaper, and full of new jobs.

We have a supply of natural gas that can last America nearly one hundred years, and my Administration will take every possible action to safely develop this energy. Experts believe this will support more than 600,000 jobs by the end of the decade. And I’m requiring all companies that drill for gas on public lands to disclose the chemicals they use. America will develop this resource without putting the health and safety of our citizens at risk.

The development of natural gas will create jobs and power trucks and factories that are cleaner and cheaper, proving that we don’t have to choose between our environment and our economy. And by the way, it was public research dollars, over the course of thirty years, that helped develop the technologies to extract all this natural gas out of shale rock – reminding us that Government support is critical in helping businesses get new energy ideas off the ground.

What’s true for natural gas is true for clean energy. In three years, our partnership with the private sector has already positioned America to be the world’s leading manufacturer of high-tech batteries. Because of federal investments, renewable energy use has nearly doubled. And thousands of Americans have jobs because of it.

When Bryan Ritterby was laid off from his job making furniture, he said he worried that at 55, no one would give him a second chance. But he found work at Energetx, a wind turbine manufacturer in Michigan. Before the recession, the factory only made luxury yachts. Today, it’s hiring workers like Bryan, who said, “I’m proud to be working in the industry of the future.”

Our experience with shale gas shows us that the payoffs on these public investments don’t always come right away. Some technologies don’t pan out; some companies fail. But I will not walk away from the promise of clean energy. I will not walk away from workers like Bryan. I will not cede the wind or solar or battery industry to China or Germany because we refuse to make the same commitment here. We have subsidized oil companies for a century. That’s long enough. It’s time to end the taxpayer giveaways to an industry that’s rarely been more profitable, and double-down on a clean energy industry that’s never been more promising. Pass clean energy tax credits and create these jobs.

We can also spur energy innovation with new incentives. The differences in this chamber may be too deep right now to pass a comprehensive plan to fight climate change. But there’s no reason why Congress shouldn’t at least set a clean energy standard that creates a market for innovation. So far, you haven’t acted. Well tonight, I will. I’m directing my Administration to allow the development of clean energy on enough public land to power three million homes. And I’m proud to announce that the Department of Defense, the world’s largest consumer of energy, will make one of the largest commitments to clean energy in history – with the Navy purchasing enough capacity to power a quarter of a million homes a year.

Of course, the easiest way to save money is to waste less energy. So here’s another proposal: Help manufacturers eliminate energy waste in their factories and give businesses incentives to upgrade their buildings. Their energy bills will be $100 billion lower over the next decade, and America will have less pollution, more manufacturing, and more jobs for construction workers who need them. Send me a bill that creates these jobs.

Building this new energy future should be just one part of a broader agenda to repair America’s infrastructure. So much of America needs to be rebuilt. We’ve got crumbling roads and bridges. A power grid that wastes too much energy. An incomplete high-speed broadband network that prevents a small business owner in rural America from selling her products all over the world.

During the Great Depression, America built the Hoover Dam and the Golden Gate Bridge. After World War II, we connected our States with a system of highways. Democratic and Republican administrations invested in great projects that benefited everybody, from the workers who built them to the businesses that still use them today.

In the next few weeks, I will sign an Executive Order clearing away the red tape that slows down too many construction projects. But you need to fund these projects. Take the money we’re no longer spending at war, use half of it to pay down our debt, and use the rest to do some nation-building right here at home.

There’s never been a better time to build, especially since the construction industry was one of the hardest-hit when the housing bubble burst. Of course, construction workers weren’t the only ones hurt. So were millions of innocent Americans who’ve seen their home values decline. And while Government can’t fix the problem on its own, responsible homeowners shouldn’t have to sit and wait for the housing market to hit bottom to get some relief.

That’s why I’m sending this Congress a plan that gives every responsible homeowner the chance to save about $3,000 a year on their mortgage, by refinancing at historically low interest rates. No more red tape. No more runaround from the banks. A small fee on the largest financial institutions will ensure that it won’t add to the deficit, and will give banks that were rescued by taxpayers a chance to repay a deficit of trust.

Let’s never forget: Millions of Americans who work hard and play by the rules every day deserve a Government and a financial system that do the same. It’s time to apply the same rules from top to bottom: No bailouts, no handouts, and no copouts. An America built to last insists on responsibility from everybody.

We’ve all paid the price for lenders who sold mortgages to people who couldn’t afford them, and buyers who knew they couldn’t afford them. That’s why we need smart regulations to prevent irresponsible behavior. Rules to prevent financial fraud, or toxic dumping, or faulty medical devices, don’t destroy the free market. They make the free market work better.

There is no question that some regulations are outdated, unnecessary, or too costly. In fact, I’ve approved fewer regulations in the first three years of my presidency than my Republican predecessor did in his. I’ve ordered every federal agency to eliminate rules that don’t make sense. We’ve already announced over 500 reforms, and just a fraction of them will save business and citizens more than $10 billion over the next five years. We got rid of one rule from 40 years ago that could have forced some dairy farmers to spend $10,000 a year proving that they could contain a spill – because milk was somehow classified as an oil. With a rule like that, I guess it was worth crying over spilled milk.

I’m confident a farmer can contain a milk spill without a federal agency looking over his shoulder. But I will not back down from making sure an oil company can contain the kind of oil spill we saw in the Gulf two years ago. I will not back down from protecting our kids from mercury pollution, or making sure that our food is safe and our water is clean. I will not go back to the days when health insurance companies had unchecked power to cancel your policy, deny you coverage, or charge women differently from men.

And I will not go back to the days when Wall Street was allowed to play by its own set of rules. The new rules we passed restore what should be any financial system’s core purpose: Getting funding to entrepreneurs with the best ideas, and getting loans to responsible families who want to buy a home, start a business, or send a kid to college.

So if you’re a big bank or financial institution, you are no longer allowed to make risky bets with your customers’ deposits. You’re required to write out a “living will” that details exactly how you’ll pay the bills if you fail – because the rest of us aren’t bailing you out ever again. And if you’re a mortgage lender or a payday lender or a credit card company, the days of signing people up for products they can’t afford with confusing forms and deceptive practices are over. Today, American consumers finally have a watchdog in Richard Cordray with one job: To look out for them.

We will also establish a Financial Crimes Unit of highly trained investigators to crack down on large-scale fraud and protect people’s investments. Some financial firms violate major anti-fraud laws because there’s no real penalty for being a repeat offender. That’s bad for consumers, and it’s bad for the vast majority of bankers and financial service professionals who do the right thing. So pass legislation that makes the penalties for fraud count.

And tonight, I am asking my Attorney General to create a special unit of federal prosecutors and leading state attorneys general to expand our investigations into the abusive lending and packaging of risky mortgages that led to the housing crisis. This new unit will hold accountable those who broke the law, speed assistance to homeowners, and help turn the page on an era of recklessness that hurt so many Americans.

A return to the American values of fair play and shared responsibility will help us protect our people and our economy. But it should also guide us as we look to pay down our debt and invest in our future.

Right now, our most immediate priority is stopping a tax hike on 160 million working Americans while the recovery is still fragile. People cannot afford losing $40 out of each paycheck this year. There are plenty of ways to get this done. So let’s agree right here, right now: No side issues. No drama. Pass the payroll tax cut without delay.

When it comes to the deficit, we’ve already agreed to more than $2 trillion in cuts and savings. But we need to do more, and that means making choices. Right now, we’re poised to spend nearly $1 trillion more on what was supposed to be a temporary tax break for the wealthiest 2 percent of Americans. Right now, because of loopholes and shelters in the tax code, a quarter of all millionaires pay lower tax rates than millions of middle-class households. Right now, Warren Buffett pays a lower tax rate than his secretary.

Do we want to keep these tax cuts for the wealthiest Americans? Or do we want to keep our investments in everything else – like education and medical research; a strong military and care for our veterans? Because if we’re serious about paying down our debt, we can’t do both.

The American people know what the right choice is. So do I. As I told the Speaker this summer, I’m prepared to make more reforms that rein in the long term costs of Medicare and Medicaid, and strengthen Social Security, so long as those programs remain a guarantee of security for seniors.

But in return, we need to change our tax code so that people like me, and an awful lot of Members of Congress, pay our fair share of taxes. Tax reform should follow the Buffett rule: If you make more than $1 million a year, you should not pay less than 30 percent in taxes. And my Republican friend Tom Coburn is right: Washington should stop subsidizing millionaires. In fact, if you’re earning a million dollars a year, you shouldn’t get special tax subsidies or deductions. On the other hand, if you make under $250,000 a year, like 98 percent of American families, your taxes shouldn’t go up. You’re the ones struggling with rising costs and stagnant wages. You’re the ones who need relief.

Now, you can call this class warfare all you want. But asking a billionaire to pay at least as much as his secretary in taxes? Most Americans would call that common sense.

We don’t begrudge financial success in this country. We admire it. When Americans talk about folks like me paying my fair share of taxes, it’s not because they envy the rich. It’s because they understand that when I get tax breaks I don’t need and the country can’t afford, it either adds to the deficit, or somebody else has to make up the difference – like a senior on a fixed income; or a student trying to get through school; or a family trying to make ends meet. That’s not right. Americans know it’s not right. They know that this generation’s success is only possible because past generations felt a responsibility to each other, and to their country’s future, and they know our way of life will only endure if we feel that same sense of shared responsibility. That’s how we’ll reduce our deficit. That’s an America built to last.

I recognize that people watching tonight have differing views about taxes and debt; energy and health care. But no matter what party they belong to, I bet most Americans are thinking the same thing right now: Nothing will get done this year, or next year, or maybe even the year after that, because Washington is broken.

Can you blame them for feeling a little cynical?

The greatest blow to confidence in our economy last year didn’t come from events beyond our control. It came from a debate in Washington over whether the United States would pay its bills or not. Who benefited from that fiasco?

I’ve talked tonight about the deficit of trust between Main Street and Wall Street. But the divide between this city and the rest of the country is at least as bad – and it seems to get worse every year.

Some of this has to do with the corrosive influence of money in politics. So together, let’s take some steps to fix that. Send me a bill that bans insider trading by Members of Congress, and I will sign it tomorrow. Let’s limit any elected official from owning stocks in industries they impact. Let’s make sure people who bundle campaign contributions for Congress can’t lobby Congress, and vice versa – an idea that has bipartisan support, at least outside of Washington.

Some of what’s broken has to do with the way Congress does its business these days. A simple majority is no longer enough to get anything – even routine business – passed through the Senate. Neither party has been blameless in these tactics. Now both parties should put an end to it. For starters, I ask the Senate to pass a rule that all judicial and public service nominations receive a simple up or down vote within 90 days.

The executive branch also needs to change. Too often, it’s inefficient, outdated and remote. That’s why I’ve asked this Congress to grant me the authority to consolidate the federal bureaucracy so that our Government is leaner, quicker, and more responsive to the needs of the American people.

Finally, none of these reforms can happen unless we also lower the temperature in this town. We need to end the notion that the two parties must be locked in a perpetual campaign of mutual destruction; that politics is about clinging to rigid ideologies instead of building consensus around common sense ideas.

I’m a Democrat. But I believe what Republican Abraham Lincoln believed: That Government should do for people only what they cannot do better by themselves, and no more. That’s why my education reform offers more competition, and more control for schools and States. That’s why we’re getting rid of regulations that don’t work. That’s why our health care law relies on a reformed private market, not a Government program.

On the other hand, even my Republican friends who complain the most about Government spending have supported federally-financed roads, and clean energy projects, and federal offices for the folks back home.

The point is, we should all want a smarter, more effective Government. And while we may not be able to bridge our biggest philosophical differences this year, we can make real progress. With or without this Congress, I will keep taking actions that help the economy grow. But I can do a whole lot more with your help. Because when we act together, there is nothing the United States of America can’t achieve.

That is the lesson we’ve learned from our actions abroad over the last few years.

Ending the Iraq war has allowed us to strike decisive blows against our enemies. From Pakistan to Yemen, the al Qaeda operatives who remain are scrambling, knowing that they can’t escape the reach of the United States of America.

From this position of strength, we’ve begun to wind down the war in Afghanistan. Ten thousand of our troops have come home. Twenty-three thousand more will leave by the end of this summer. This transition to Afghan lead will continue, and we will build an enduring partnership with Afghanistan, so that it is never again a source of attacks against America.

As the tide of war recedes, a wave of change has washed across the Middle East and North Africa, from Tunis to Cairo; from Sana’a to Tripoli. A year ago, Qadhafi was one of the world’s longest-serving dictators – a murderer with American blood on his hands. Today, he is gone. And in Syria, I have no doubt that the Assad regime will soon discover that the forces of change can’t be reversed, and that human dignity can’t be denied.

How this incredible transformation will end remains uncertain. But we have a huge stake in the outcome. And while it is ultimately up to the people of the region to decide their fate, we will advocate for those values that have served our own country so well. We will stand against violence and intimidation. We will stand for the rights and dignity of all human beings – men and women; Christians, Muslims, and Jews. We will support policies that lead to strong and stable democracies and open markets, because tyranny is no match for liberty.

And we will safeguard America’s own security against those who threaten our citizens, our friends, and our interests. Look at Iran. Through the power of our diplomacy, a world that was once divided about how to deal with Iran’s nuclear program now stands as one. The regime is more isolated than ever before; its leaders are faced with crippling sanctions, and as long as they shirk their responsibilities, this pressure will not relent. Let there be no doubt: America is determined to prevent Iran from getting a nuclear weapon, and I will take no options off the table to achieve that goal. But a peaceful resolution of this issue is still possible, and far better, and if Iran changes course and meets its obligations, it can rejoin the community of nations.

The renewal of American leadership can be felt across the globe. Our oldest alliances in Europe and Asia are stronger than ever. Our ties to the Americas are deeper. Our iron-clad commitment to Israel’s security has meant the closest military cooperation between our two countries in history. We’ve made it clear that America is a Pacific power, and a new beginning in Burma has lit a new hope. From the coalitions we’ve built to secure nuclear materials, to the missions we’ve led against hunger and disease; from the blows we’ve dealt to our enemies; to the enduring power of our moral example, America is back.

Anyone who tells you otherwise, anyone who tells you that America is in decline or that our influence has waned, doesn’t know what they’re talking about. That’s not the message we get from leaders around the world, all of whom are eager to work with us. That’s not how people feel from Tokyo to Berlin; from Cape Town to Rio; where opinions of America are higher than they’ve been in years. Yes, the world is changing; no, we can’t control every event. But America remains the one indispensable nation in world affairs – and as long as I’m President, I intend to keep it that way.

That’s why, working with our military leaders, I have proposed a new defense strategy that ensures we maintain the finest military in the world, while saving nearly half a trillion dollars in our budget. To stay one step ahead of our adversaries, I have already sent this Congress legislation that will secure our country from the growing danger of cyber-threats.

Above all, our freedom endures because of the men and women in uniform who defend it. As they come home, we must serve them as well as they served us. That includes giving them the care and benefits they have earned – which is why we’ve increased annual VA spending every year I’ve been President. And it means enlisting our veterans in the work of rebuilding our Nation.

With the bipartisan support of this Congress, we are providing new tax credits to companies that hire vets. Michelle and Jill Biden have worked with American businesses to secure a pledge of 135,000 jobs for veterans and their families. And tonight, I’m proposing a Veterans Job Corps that will help our communities hire veterans as cops and firefighters, so that America is as strong as those who defend her.

Which brings me back to where I began. Those of us who’ve been sent here to serve can learn from the service of our troops. When you put on that uniform, it doesn’t matter if you’re black or white; Asian or Latino; conservative or liberal; rich or poor; gay or straight. When you’re marching into battle, you look out for the person next to you, or the mission fails. When you’re in the thick of the fight, you rise or fall as one unit, serving one Nation, leaving no one behind.

One of my proudest possessions is the flag that the SEAL Team took with them on the mission to get bin Laden. On it are each of their names. Some may be Democrats. Some may be Republicans. But that doesn’t matter. Just like it didn’t matter that day in the Situation Room, when I sat next to Bob Gates – a man who was George Bush’s defense secretary; and Hillary Clinton, a woman who ran against me for president.

All that mattered that day was the mission. No one thought about politics. No one thought about themselves. One of the young men involved in the raid later told me that he didn’t deserve credit for the mission. It only succeeded, he said, because every single member of that unit did their job – the pilot who landed the helicopter that spun out of control; the translator who kept others from entering the compound; the troops who separated the women and children from the fight; the SEALs who charged up the stairs. More than that, the mission only succeeded because every member of that unit trusted each other – because you can’t charge up those stairs, into darkness and danger, unless you know that there’s someone behind you, watching your back.

So it is with America. Each time I look at that flag, I’m reminded that our destiny is stitched together like those fifty stars and those thirteen stripes. No one built this country on their own. This Nation is great because we built it together. This Nation is great because we worked as a team. This Nation is great because we get each other’s backs. And if we hold fast to that truth, in this moment of trial, there is no challenge too great; no mission too hard. As long as we’re joined in common purpose, as long as we maintain our common resolve, our journey moves forward, our future is hopeful, and the state of our Union will always be strong.

Thank you, God bless you, and may God bless the United States of America.

###


Harald WelteFirst osmo-nvs-gps evaluation boards soldered

At the osmocom project, we recently discovered the most interesting NVS NV08C-CSM module. It not only is a superb GPS receiver, but it includes GALILEO and GLONASS receivers, too. However, it's only available as an industry module, or as an expensive (700 EUR or so) evaluation kit.

Given the cheap PCB prototyping service at seeedstudio, I thought I'd spend an afternoon creating the schematics and PCB layout for an evaluation board. It exports the two 3.3V UARTs on OsmocomBB-style 2.5mm jacks, so they can be used with the T191 cables. I have the feeling this 2.5mm jack is becoming a new standard for low-voltage RS232 links ;)

Furthermore, it exports the SPI, I/O and I2C on a 20pin 2.54mm pitch header, connects to an external antenna via a MCX socket and has an optional footprint for a CR2032 battery on the bottom side.

So far, the board seems to be working fine. If there is interest in the bare PCB itself (without components!), please send me an e-mail. Depending on the amount of interest we might add it to the sysmocom webshop.

Schematics and Gerber files will be available at http://openbsc.osmocom.org/trac/wiki/osmo-nvs-gps soon.

Harald WelteOP25 project joins hosting on osmocom.org

Some days ago, I noticed that the famous OP25 project (a Free Software implementation of the APCO25 system, a digital trunked radio system) was no longer reachable on-line. It seems they were running this on a desktop PC in a university. As nobody in the project still seems to be at that university, a change in the network configuration had accidentally rendered the website unreachable.

After some quick e-mails, I offered to host them within the osmocom.org family of Free Software Projects for mobile communications. This is when op25.osmocom.org was created, and a full-site backup uploaded + installed.

I'm really happy that we were able to do a small part to help to make sure this valuable project remains accessible to interested parties in the signal processing and mobile communications field.

Planet Linux AustraliaStewart Smith: TextSecure – secure SMS for Android

So… having secure SMS really isn’t hard. Onec upon a time you may have been forgiven to think that your SMS messages weren’t recorded forever by telecommunications companies or various government agencies, but those times have long passed. At the very least you should be concerned about somebody getting hold of your phone and going through all your SMSs (phones no longer just store 20 messages).

TextSecure (Free and Open Source Software up on github) does both local encryption (messages are encrypted on your phone) and over the wire encryption. That’s right kids – you can send encrypted text messages to each other.

It’s a drop-in replacement for the built in Android text messages application, so it all “just works”.

Go install it now.

This is the app that Jacob Appelbaum mentioned in is Keynote at lca2012.

January 24, 2012

Planet Linux AustraliaChris Neugebauer: LCA2012: “Android is Not vi – User Experience for Geeks”

Paris Buttfield-Addison and I co-presented a talk at Linux.conf.au in Ballarat recently. The topic was on designing mobile apps that don’t suck on Android. The talk was pretty well received, the audience attentive and engaged (as evidenced by the fact that they heckled), and it was probably one of the better talks that Paris and I have co-presented.

The video of the talk is available as an ogv movie file, alternatively, the YouTube version is embedded below.

Planet DebianJames Morrison: Appengine

I've been working with appengine for a few months now. I've managed to find out the hard way that appcfg.py rollback is useless. I've learned to create a git branch for each refactoring I start on. The git branch also includes a new app version for the branch. When push all my changes to my live site, I upload one last time to the new app. Merge my branch into the master then change the live version from the old one to the new one.

I haven't learned how this work flow translates to having multiple developers. Hopefully, it is simple enough that other people can follow.

I also use make since it's an easy way to automate tasks. I hear redo is good, but for python, I'm not really compiling anything, I'm simply writing shell scripts and make is a great shell script dispatcher.

Planet DebianJames Morrison: Appengine backends and task queues

To get appengine to send queued tasks to a backend, you need to set the host header when queuing the task. E.g.
    deferred.defer(
batch.DoStuff, arg1, arg2, arg3,
_headers={'Host': backends.get_hostname(backend='backend_name')})

Planet DebianJames Morrison: Make is still my friend


The following is a makefile fragment I seem to start each of my appengine projects with.

GAEPATH = $(HOME)/bin/google_appengine
PORT=8081

PYLINTS = $(wildcard *.py */*.py */*/*.py)
PYLINTFILES = $(patsubst %.py,.%.lint,$(notdir $(PYLINTS)))
PYLINT = $(join $(dir $(PYLINTS)),$(PYLINTFILES))

PYTHONPATH=$(GAEPATH):$(GAEPATH)/lib/yaml/lib:$(GAEPATH)/lib/webob:$(GAEPATH)/lib/django_0_96:.

APP=new-app

run:
        $(GAEPATH)/dev_appserver.py ./ --port=$(PORT) --datastore_path=/tmp/$(APP).dev_appserver.datastore


.%.lint: %.py
        @PYTHONPATH=$(PYTHONPATH) pychecker --only --no-miximport $?
        @touch $@


lint: $(PYLINT)


clean:
        -rm ${PYLINT}


.PHONY: run lint clean


Planet DebianJames Morrison: CMYK images in PDFs

For the few of you out there that are parsing PDFs manually in python, JPEG images (including CMYK images) can be extracted with the following code fragment.
  # reader is a PDFReader object from pyPdf, value is the operand to a Do operator. 
from PIL import Image, ImageChops

xobject = reader.getObject(value)
if xobject['/Filter'] == '/DCTDecode':
raw_data = xobject.getRawData()
if xobject['/ColorSpace'] == '/DeviceRGB':
_CreateFile('image/jpeg', filename, raw_data))
else:
f = cStringIO.StringIO(raw_data)
of = cStringIO.StringIO()
i = Image.open(f)
if xobject['/ColorSpace'] == '/DeviceCMYK':
i = ImageChops.invert(i)
i.convert('RGB').save(of, 'JPEG')
_CreateFile('image/jpeg', filename, of.getvalue())

The CMYK images I found in the PDFs needed to inverted. PIL versions before 1.1.7 would do that for you, but version 1.1.7 removed in the ImageChops.invert() call.

LongNowJim Richardson Ticket Info

The Long Now Foundation’s monthly

Seminars About Long-term Thinking

Jim Richardson on Heirlooms: Saving Humanity’s 10,000 Year Legacy of Food

Jim Richardson on “Heirlooms: Saving Humanity’s 10,000 Year Legacy of Food”

TICKETS

Wednesday February 22, 02012 at 7:30pm Cowell Theater at Fort Mason

Long Now Members can reserve 2 seats, join today! • General Tickets $10

About this Seminar:

Agricultural biodiversity is as much in need of defending as the world’s wildlife. Countless varieties of plants and animals were bred by the world’s peoples for talents specific to every soil, climate, and human culture. Most of them have been lost—their hard-won genetic sophistication extinguished. But many have survived, thanks to professional and amateur devotion, and they are wondrous—living embodiments of humanity’s deepest traditions.

Photojournalist Jim Richardson has been covering the agricultural beat for National Geographic since 1984. His spectacular photographs, and the stories he tells with them, are renowned.

Planet DebianTim Retout: Lenovo X121e 3G with ModemManager

Recently, I tried to get 3G working on my Lenovo ThinkPad X121e - it has an Ericsson F5521gw mobile broadband card. This is supported by ModemManager, but all I got were unknown errors (276 and 272).

Searching online, there were very few results (hence this short note) - just previous unrelated Linux kernel issues. I found someone with the same problem on Fedora, but no solution, so I started off by filing a bug report with Debian.

Of course, then I found the Arch user who had filed the same bug on Launchpad, and had discovered that resetting the BIOS to its default settings fixes the issue. If only that page mentioned the keywords "Ericsson", or "Lenovo"...

So after all that, it was just some weird BIOS issue. I hate hardware.

Planet DebianSylvain Beucler: OpenGL ES 2.0 using Android NDK

Teapot on Android I got myself a second-hand Samsung Galaxy S at last, and started hacking on it!

The very first thing I wanted to try was porting the OpenGL wikibook C++ samples, that we wrote with OpenGL ES 2 in mind.

I started writing a minimal GLUT-compatible wrapper to run the samples as-is, using the Android NDK, and I'm making progress :) The Android NDK is getting nicer with Android 2.3, though it still feels less supported than Java apps (e.g. the resize events seem buggy and the keycodes header is incomplete...). Nonetheless, it's nice to be able to write C++ portable apps.

You can see how to use the wrapper, and how it works internally, at:

http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/OpenGL_Programming/Installation/Android

One of the limitations is that GLES2 is not a true subset of OpenGL 2.1, in particular:

  • the shader version is declared differently (#version 100 vs. #version 120)
  • GLES2 shaders require float precision hints, but OpenGL 2.1 doesn't support them at all

I needed to pre-process these differences away, checking on GL_ES_VERSION_2_0 in the C++ source code to define a GLES2 macro in the shaders:

#ifdef GLES2
varying lowp vec4 f_color;
# else
varying vec4 f_color;
#endif

Is there a better way?